Difference between revisions of "2007 AIME II Problems/Problem 3"
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== Solution == | == Solution == | ||
− | === Solution 1 === | + | ===Solution 1=== |
− | Extend <math>\overline{AE}, \overline{DF}</math> and <math>\overline{BE}, \overline{CF}</math> to their points of intersection. Since <math>\triangle ABE \cong \triangle CDF</math> and are both <math>5-12-13</math> [[right triangle]]s, we can come to the conclusion that the two new triangles are also congruent to these two (use [ | + | Let <math>\angle FCD = \alpha</math>, so that <math>FB = \sqrt{12^2 + 13^2 + 2\cdot12\cdot13\sin(\alpha)} = \sqrt{433}</math>. By the diagonal, <math>DB = 13\sqrt{2}, DB^2 = 338</math>. |
+ | |||
+ | <b>The sum of the squares of the sides of a parallelogram is the sum of the squares of the diagonals.</b> | ||
+ | <cmath>EF^2 = 2\cdot(5^2 + 433) - 338 = 578.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 2 === | ||
+ | |||
+ | Extend <math>\overline{AE}, \overline{DF}</math> and <math>\overline{BE}, \overline{CF}</math> to their points of intersection. Since <math>\triangle ABE \cong \triangle CDF</math> and are both <math>5-12-13</math> [[right triangle]]s, we can come to the conclusion that the two new triangles are also congruent to these two (use [https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Congruent_(geometry)#ASA_Congruence ASA], as we know all the sides are <math>13</math> and the angles are mostly complementary). Thus, we create a [[square]] with sides <math>5 + 12 = 17</math>. | ||
<asy>unitsize(0.25 cm); | <asy>unitsize(0.25 cm); | ||
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<math>\overline{EF}</math> is the diagonal of the square, with length <math>17\sqrt{2}</math>; the answer is <math>EF^2 = (17\sqrt{2})^2 = 578</math>. | <math>\overline{EF}</math> is the diagonal of the square, with length <math>17\sqrt{2}</math>; the answer is <math>EF^2 = (17\sqrt{2})^2 = 578</math>. | ||
− | === Solution | + | === Solution 3 === |
A slightly more analytic/brute-force approach: | A slightly more analytic/brute-force approach: | ||
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Now, we see that <math>FK=DC-(DJ+IB)=DC-2DJ=13-\frac{50}{13}=\frac{119}{13}</math>. Also, <math>EK=BC+(JF+IE)=BC+2JF=13+\frac{120}{13}=\frac{289}{13}</math>. By the Pythagorean Theorem, we have <math>EF=\sqrt{\left(\frac{289}{13}\right)^2+\left(\frac{119}{13} \right)^2}=\frac{\sqrt{(17^2)(17^2+7^2)}}{13}</math><math>=\frac{17\sqrt{338}}{13}=\frac{17(13\sqrt{2})}{13}=17\sqrt{2}</math>. Therefore, <math>EF^2=(17\sqrt{2})^2=578</math>. | Now, we see that <math>FK=DC-(DJ+IB)=DC-2DJ=13-\frac{50}{13}=\frac{119}{13}</math>. Also, <math>EK=BC+(JF+IE)=BC+2JF=13+\frac{120}{13}=\frac{289}{13}</math>. By the Pythagorean Theorem, we have <math>EF=\sqrt{\left(\frac{289}{13}\right)^2+\left(\frac{119}{13} \right)^2}=\frac{\sqrt{(17^2)(17^2+7^2)}}{13}</math><math>=\frac{17\sqrt{338}}{13}=\frac{17(13\sqrt{2})}{13}=17\sqrt{2}</math>. Therefore, <math>EF^2=(17\sqrt{2})^2=578</math>. | ||
− | ===Solution | + | ===Solution 4=== |
Based on the symmetry, we know that <math>F</math> is a reflection of <math>E</math> across the center of the square, which we will denote as <math>O</math>. Since <math>\angle BEA</math> and <math>\angle AOB</math> are right, we can conclude that figure <math>AOBE</math> is a cyclic quadrilateral. Pythagorean Theorem yields that <math>BO=AO=\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{2}</math>. Now, using Ptolemy's Theorem, we get that | Based on the symmetry, we know that <math>F</math> is a reflection of <math>E</math> across the center of the square, which we will denote as <math>O</math>. Since <math>\angle BEA</math> and <math>\angle AOB</math> are right, we can conclude that figure <math>AOBE</math> is a cyclic quadrilateral. Pythagorean Theorem yields that <math>BO=AO=\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{2}</math>. Now, using Ptolemy's Theorem, we get that | ||
<cmath>AO\cdot BE + BO\cdot AE = AB\cdot AO</cmath> | <cmath>AO\cdot BE + BO\cdot AE = AB\cdot AO</cmath> | ||
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Now, since we stated in the first step that <math>F</math> is a reflection of <math>E</math> across <math>O</math>, we can say that <math>EF=2EO=17\sqrt{2}</math>. This gives that <cmath>EF^2=(17\sqrt{2})^2=578</cmath> AWD with this bash solution | Now, since we stated in the first step that <math>F</math> is a reflection of <math>E</math> across <math>O</math>, we can say that <math>EF=2EO=17\sqrt{2}</math>. This gives that <cmath>EF^2=(17\sqrt{2})^2=578</cmath> AWD with this bash solution | ||
− | ===Solution | + | ===Solution 5 (Ptolemy's Theorem)=== |
− | + | Drawing <math>EF</math>, it clearly passes through the center of <math>ABCD</math>. Letting this point be <math>P</math>, we note that <math>AEBP</math> and <math>CFDP</math> are congruent cyclic quadrilaterals, and that <math>AP=BP=CP=DP=\frac{13}{\sqrt{2}}.</math> Now, from Ptolemy's, <math>13\cdot EP=\frac{13}{\sqrt{2}}(12+5)\implies EP=\frac{17\sqrt{2}}{2}</math>. Since <math>EF=EP+FP=2\cdot EP</math>, the answer is <math>(17\sqrt{2})^2=\boxed{578}.</math> | |
+ | |||
+ | ===Solution 6=== | ||
+ | Coordinate bash | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 7 (Trig Bash) === | ||
+ | |||
+ | We first see that the whole figure is symmetrical and reflections across the center that we will denote as <math>O</math> bring each half of the figure to the other half. Thus we consider a single part of the figure, namely <math>EO.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | First note that <math>\angle BAO = 45^{\circ}</math> since <math>O</math> is the center of square <math>ABCD.</math> Also note that <math>\angle EAB = \arccos{\left(\frac{12}{13}\right)}</math> or <math>\arcsin{\left(\frac{5}{13}\right)}.</math> Finally, we know that <math>AO =\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{2}.</math> Now we apply laws of cosines on <math>\bigtriangleup AEO.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | We have <math>EO^2 = 12^2 + (\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{2})^2 - 2 \cdot 12 \cdot \left(\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{2}\right) \cdot \cos{\angle EAO}.</math> We know that <math>\angle EAO = 45^{\circ} + \arccos{\left(\frac{12}{13}\right)}.</math> Thus we have <math>\cos{\angle EAO} = \cos\left(45^{\circ} + \arccos{\left(\frac{12}{13}\right)}\right)</math> which applying the cosine sum identity yields <math>\cos{45^{\circ}}\cos{\arccos\frac{12}{13}} - \sin{45^{\circ}}\sin\arcsin{\frac{5}{12}} =\frac{12\sqrt{2}}{26} -\frac{5\sqrt{2}}{26} =\frac{7\sqrt{2}}{26}.</math> | ||
− | < | + | Note that we are looking for <math>4EO^2</math> so we multiply <math>EO^2 = 12^2 + \left(\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)^2 - 2 \cdot 12 \cdot \left(\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{2}\right) \cdot \cos{\angle EAO}</math> by <math>4</math> obtaining <math>4EO^2 = 576 + 338 - 8 \cdot\left(\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{2}\right) \cdot 12 \cdot\frac{7\sqrt{2}}{26} = 576 + 338 - 4 \cdot 12 \cdot 7 = \boxed{578}.</math> |
− | < | ||
== See also == | == See also == |
Latest revision as of 00:05, 8 July 2023
Problem
Square has side length
, and points
and
are exterior to the square such that
and
. Find
.
Contents
Solution
Solution 1
Let , so that
. By the diagonal,
.
The sum of the squares of the sides of a parallelogram is the sum of the squares of the diagonals.
Solution 2
Extend and
to their points of intersection. Since
and are both
right triangles, we can come to the conclusion that the two new triangles are also congruent to these two (use ASA, as we know all the sides are
and the angles are mostly complementary). Thus, we create a square with sides
.
is the diagonal of the square, with length
; the answer is
.
Solution 3
A slightly more analytic/brute-force approach:
Drop perpendiculars from and
to
and
, respectively; construct right triangle
with right angle at K and
. Since
, we have
. Similarly,
. Since
, we have
.
Now, we see that . Also,
. By the Pythagorean Theorem, we have
. Therefore,
.
Solution 4
Based on the symmetry, we know that is a reflection of
across the center of the square, which we will denote as
. Since
and
are right, we can conclude that figure
is a cyclic quadrilateral. Pythagorean Theorem yields that
. Now, using Ptolemy's Theorem, we get that
Now, since we stated in the first step that
is a reflection of
across
, we can say that
. This gives that
AWD with this bash solution
Solution 5 (Ptolemy's Theorem)
Drawing , it clearly passes through the center of
. Letting this point be
, we note that
and
are congruent cyclic quadrilaterals, and that
Now, from Ptolemy's,
. Since
, the answer is
Solution 6
Coordinate bash
Solution 7 (Trig Bash)
We first see that the whole figure is symmetrical and reflections across the center that we will denote as bring each half of the figure to the other half. Thus we consider a single part of the figure, namely
First note that since
is the center of square
Also note that
or
Finally, we know that
Now we apply laws of cosines on
We have We know that
Thus we have
which applying the cosine sum identity yields
Note that we are looking for so we multiply
by
obtaining
See also
2007 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 2 |
Followed by Problem 4 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
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