Difference between revisions of "2005 AIME II Problems/Problem 12"
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[[Square]] <math>ABCD </math> has [[center]] <math> O,\ AB=900,\ E </math> and <math> F </math> are on <math> AB </math> with <math> AE<BF </math> and <math> E </math> between <math> A </math> and <math> F, m\angle EOF =45^\circ, </math> and <math> EF=400. </math> Given that <math> BF=p+q\sqrt{r}, </math> where <math> p,q, </math> and <math> r </math> are [[positive]] [[integer]]s and <math> r </math> is not divisible by the [[square]] of any [[prime]], find <math> p+q+r. </math> | [[Square]] <math>ABCD </math> has [[center]] <math> O,\ AB=900,\ E </math> and <math> F </math> are on <math> AB </math> with <math> AE<BF </math> and <math> E </math> between <math> A </math> and <math> F, m\angle EOF =45^\circ, </math> and <math> EF=400. </math> Given that <math> BF=p+q\sqrt{r}, </math> where <math> p,q, </math> and <math> r </math> are [[positive]] [[integer]]s and <math> r </math> is not divisible by the [[square]] of any [[prime]], find <math> p+q+r. </math> | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
+ | |||
== Solutions == | == Solutions == | ||
=== Solution 1 (trigonometry) === | === Solution 1 (trigonometry) === | ||
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Setting these two expressions for <math>(OF)^2</math> equal and solving for <math>x</math> (it is helpful to scale the problem down by a factor of 50 first), we get <math>x = 250\pm 50\sqrt{7}</math>. Since <math>BF > AE</math>, we want the value <math>x = 250 + 50\sqrt{7}</math>, and the answer is <math>250 + 50 + 7 = \boxed{307}</math>. | Setting these two expressions for <math>(OF)^2</math> equal and solving for <math>x</math> (it is helpful to scale the problem down by a factor of 50 first), we get <math>x = 250\pm 50\sqrt{7}</math>. Since <math>BF > AE</math>, we want the value <math>x = 250 + 50\sqrt{7}</math>, and the answer is <math>250 + 50 + 7 = \boxed{307}</math>. | ||
− | ==Solution 4 (Abusing Stewart)== | + | === Solution 4 (Abusing Stewart) === |
− | Let <math>x = BF</math>, so <math>AE = 500-x</math>. Let <math>a = OE</math>, <math>b = OF</math>. Applying Stewart's Theorem on triangles <math>AOB</math> twice, first using <math>E</math> as the base point and then <math>F</math>, we arrive at the equations <cmath>(450 \sqrt{2})^2 (900) = 900(500-x)(400+x) + a^2 (900)</cmath> and < | + | Let <math>x = BF</math>, so <math>AE = 500-x</math>. Let <math>a = OE</math>, <math>b = OF</math>. Applying Stewart's Theorem on triangles <math>AOB</math> twice, first using <math>E</math> as the base point and then <math>F</math>, we arrive at the equations <cmath>(450 \sqrt{2})^2 (900) = 900(500-x)(400+x) + a^2 (900)</cmath> and <cmath>(450 \sqrt{2})^2 (900) = 900x(900-x) + b^2 (900)</cmath> Now applying law of sines and law of cosines on <math>\triangle EOF</math> yields <cmath>\frac{1}{2} ab \sin 45^{\circ} = \frac{4}{9} \times \frac{1}{4} \times 900^2 = 202500</cmath> and <cmath>a^2+b^2- 2 ab \cos 45^{\circ} = 160000</cmath> Solving for <math>ab</math> from the sines equation and plugging into the law of cosines equation yields <math>a^2+b^2 = 290000</math>. We now finish by adding the two original stewart equations and obtaining: <cmath>2(450\sqrt{2})^2 = (500-x)(400+x)+x(900-x)+520000</cmath> This is a quadratic which only takes some patience to solve for <math>x = 250 + 50\sqrt{7}</math> |
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 5 (Complex Numbers) === | ||
+ | Let lower case letters be the complex numbers correspond to their respective upper case points in the complex plane, with <math>o = 0, a = -450 + 450i, b = 450 + 450i</math>, and <math>f = x + 450i</math>. Since <math>EF</math> = 400, <math>e = (x-400) + 450i</math>. From <math>\angle{EOF} = 45^{\circ}</math>, we can deduce that the rotation of point <math>F</math> 45 degrees counterclockwise, <math>E</math>, and the origin are collinear. In other words, <cmath>\dfrac{e^{i \frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot (x + 450i)}{(x - 400) + 450i}</cmath> is a real number. Simplyfying using the fact that <math>e^{i \frac{\pi}{4}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2} + i \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}</math>, clearing the denominator, and setting the imaginary part equal to <math>0</math>, we eventually get the quadratic <cmath>x^2 - 400x + 22500 = 0</cmath> which has solutions <math>x = 200 \pm 50\sqrt{7}</math>. It is given that <math>AE < BF</math>, so <math>x = 200 - 50\sqrt{7}</math> and <cmath>BF = 450 - (200 - 50\sqrt{7}) = 250 + 50\sqrt{7} \Rightarrow \boxed{307}.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | -MP8148 | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 6 === | ||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | size(250); | ||
+ | pair A,B,C,D,O,E,F,G,H,K; | ||
+ | A = (0,0); | ||
+ | B = (900,0); | ||
+ | C = (900,900); | ||
+ | D = (0,900); | ||
+ | O = (450,450); | ||
+ | E = (600,0); | ||
+ | F = (150,0); | ||
+ | G = (-600,0); | ||
+ | H = (450,0); | ||
+ | K = (0,270); | ||
+ | draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); | ||
+ | draw(O--E); | ||
+ | draw(O--F); | ||
+ | draw(O--G); | ||
+ | draw(A--G); | ||
+ | draw(O--H); | ||
+ | label("O",O,N); | ||
+ | label("A",A,S); | ||
+ | label("B",B,SE); | ||
+ | label("C",C,NE); | ||
+ | label("D",D,NW); | ||
+ | label("E",E,SE); | ||
+ | label("F",F,S); | ||
+ | label("H",H,SW); | ||
+ | label("G",G,SW); | ||
+ | label("x",H--E,S); | ||
+ | label("K",K,NW); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
+ | Let G be a point such that it lies on AB, and GOE is 90 degrees. Let H be foot of the altitude from O to AB. | ||
+ | Since <math>\triangle GOE \sim \triangle OHE</math>, <math>\frac{GO}{OE} = \frac{450}{x}</math>, and by [[Angle Bisector Theorem]], <math>\frac{GF}{FE} = \frac{450}{x}</math>. Thus, <math>GF = \frac{450 \cdot 400}{x}</math>. <math>AF = AH-FH = 50+x</math>, and <math>KA = EB</math> (90 degree rotation), and now we can bash on 2 similar triangles <math>\triangle GAK \sim \triangle GHO</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>\frac{GA}{AK} = \frac{GH}{OH}</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>\frac{\frac{450 \cdot 400}{x}-50-x}{450-x} = \frac{\frac{450 \cdot 400}{x}+400-x}{450}</cmath> | ||
+ | I hope you like expanding | ||
+ | <cmath>x^2 - 850x + \frac{81000000}{x} = -450x - 22500 + \frac{81000000}{x}</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>x^2 - 400x + 22500 = 0</cmath> | ||
+ | Quadratic formula gives us | ||
+ | <cmath>x = 200 \pm 50 \sqrt{7}</cmath> | ||
+ | Since AE < BF | ||
+ | <cmath>x = 200 - 50 \sqrt{7}</cmath> | ||
+ | Thus, | ||
+ | <cmath>BF = 250 + 50 \sqrt{7}</cmath> | ||
+ | So, our answer is <math>\boxed{307}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | -AlexLikeMath | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 7 (Using a Circle) === | ||
+ | <center><asy> | ||
+ | size(200); | ||
+ | defaultpen(linewidth(0.7)+fontsize(10)); | ||
+ | pair A=(0,9), B=(9,9), C=(9,0), D=(0,0), E=(2.5-0.5*sqrt(7),9), F=(6.5-0.5*sqrt(7),9), G=(4.5-0.5*sqrt(7),7), O=(4.5,4.5), H=(4.5-0.5*sqrt(7),4.5), I=(0,4.5), J=(4.5-0.5*sqrt(7),9); | ||
+ | draw(A--B--C--D--A); | ||
+ | draw(E--O--F); | ||
+ | draw(J--G); | ||
+ | draw(E--G--F); | ||
+ | draw(G--H--O--G); | ||
+ | draw(I--H); | ||
+ | draw(circle(G,2*sqrt(2))); | ||
+ | markscalefactor=0.05; | ||
+ | draw(rightanglemark(E,G,F)); | ||
+ | dot(A^^B^^C^^D^^E^^F^^G^^H^^I^^J^^O); | ||
+ | label("\(A\)",A,(-1,1)); | ||
+ | label("\(B\)",B,(1,1)); | ||
+ | label("\(C\)",C,(1,-1)); | ||
+ | label("\(D\)",D,(-1,-1)); | ||
+ | label("\(E\)",E,(0,1)); | ||
+ | label("\(F\)",F,(1,1)); | ||
+ | label("\(G\)",G,(1,0)); | ||
+ | label("\(H\)",H,(-1,1)); | ||
+ | label("\(I\)",I,(-1,0)); | ||
+ | label("\(J\)",J,(0,1)); | ||
+ | label("\(O\)",O,(1,-1)); | ||
+ | </asy></center> | ||
+ | |||
+ | We know that G is on the perpendicular bisector of <math>EF</math>, which means that <math>EJ=JF=200</math>, <math>EG=GF=200\sqrt{2}</math> and <math>GH=250</math>. Now, let <math>HO</math> be equal to <math>x</math>. We can set up an equation with the Pythagorean Theorem: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath> | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | \sqrt{x^2+250^2}&=(200\sqrt{2})^2 \\ | ||
+ | x^2+62500&=80000 \\ | ||
+ | x^2&=17500 \\ | ||
+ | x&=50\sqrt{7} | ||
+ | \end{align*} | ||
+ | </cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now, since <math>IO=450</math>, | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath> | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | HI&=450-x \\ | ||
+ | &=450-50\sqrt{7} \\ | ||
+ | \end{align*} \\ | ||
+ | </cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Since <math>HI=AJ</math>, we now have: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath> | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | BF&=AB-AJ-JF \\ | ||
+ | &=900-(450-50\sqrt{7})-200 \\ | ||
+ | &=250+50\sqrt{7} \\ | ||
+ | \end{align*} | ||
+ | </cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | This means that our answer would be <math>250+50+7=\boxed{307}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~Jerry_Guo | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 8 (More Similar Triangles) === | ||
+ | |||
+ | Construct <math>BO, AO.</math> Let <math>\angle{FOB} = \alpha.</math> Also let <math>FB = x</math> then <math>AE = 500-x.</math> We then have from simple angle-chasing: | ||
+ | <cmath> | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | \angle{BFO} = 135 - \alpha \\ | ||
+ | \angle{OFE} = 45 + \alpha \\ | ||
+ | \angle{EOA} = 45 - \alpha \\ | ||
+ | \angle{AEO} = 90 + \alpha \\ | ||
+ | \angle{OEF} = 90 - \alpha. | ||
+ | \end{align*} | ||
+ | </cmath> | ||
+ | From AA similarity we have <cmath>\triangle{EOB} \sim \triangle{EFO}.</cmath> This gives the ratios, | ||
+ | <cmath>\dfrac{400 + x}{EO} = \dfrac{450\sqrt{2}}{FO}.</cmath> | ||
+ | Similarly from AA similarity <cmath>\triangle{FOA} \sim \triangle{FEO}.</cmath> So we get the ratios <cmath>\dfrac{EO}{450\sqrt{2}} = \dfrac{FO}{900-x}.</cmath> We can multiply to get | ||
+ | <cmath>\dfrac{400 + x}{450\sqrt{2}} = \dfrac{450\sqrt{2}}{900 - x}.</cmath> Cross-multiplying reveals | ||
+ | <cmath>360000 + 500x - x^2 = 405000.</cmath> Bringing everything to one side we have <cmath>x^2 - 500x + 45000 = 0.</cmath> By the quadratic formula we get <cmath>x = \dfrac{500 + \sqrt{500^2 - 4\cdot45000}}{2} = \dfrac{500 + \sqrt{70000}}{2} = \dfrac{500 + 100\sqrt{7}}{2} = 250 + 50\sqrt{7}.</cmath> | ||
+ | Therefore | ||
+ | <cmath>p+q+r = 250 + 50 + 7 = \boxed{307}.</cmath> | ||
+ | ~aa1024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 9 === | ||
+ | We use ratio lemma and Stewart's theorem: | ||
+ | Connect <math>OA, OE, OF, OB</math> and let <math>AE = x</math> and <math>BF = 500 - x.</math> | ||
+ | Let angle <math>AOE = y,</math> hence <math>BOF = 45 - y.</math> | ||
+ | Now, we apply Stewart's theorem in triangles <math>AOF</math> and <math>BOE</math> to get <math>OE</math> and <math>OF</math> in terms of <math>x</math> | ||
+ | finally, calculate <math>x/400</math> and <math>500-x/400</math> using ratio lemma to find <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Solution 10(Similar Triangles) === | ||
+ | Draw AO, OB, and extend OB to D. Let <math>\angle{FOB} = \alpha.</math> Then, after angle chasing, we find that <cmath>\angle{AEB} = 90 + \alpha</cmath>. | ||
+ | Using this, we draw a line perpendicular to <math>AB</math> at <math>E</math> to meet <math>BD</math> at <math>M</math>. Since <math>\angle{MEO} = \alpha</math> and <math>\angle{EMO} = 45</math>, we have that <cmath>\triangle{EMO} \sim \triangle{OBF}</cmath> | ||
+ | Let <math>FB = x</math>. Then <math>EM = 400+x</math>. Since <math>FB/BO = \frac{x}{450\sqrt{2}}</math>, and <math>MO/EM = FB/OB</math>, we have <cmath>MO = \frac{(400+x)x}{450\sqrt{2}}</cmath> | ||
+ | Since <math>\triangle{EBM}</math> is a <math>45-45-90</math> triangle, <cmath>(400+x)\sqrt{2} = 450 | ||
+ | \sqrt{2} + \frac{(400+x)x}{450\sqrt{2}}</cmath> | ||
+ | Solving for <math>x</math>, we get that <math>x=250 +- 50s\sqrt{7}</math>, but since <math>FB>AE</math>, <math>FB = 250+50\sqrt{7}</math>, thus <cmath>p+q+r=\boxed{307}</cmath> | ||
+ | -dchang0524 | ||
== See also == | == See also == |
Latest revision as of 12:14, 23 July 2024
Problem
Square has center and are on with and between and and Given that where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime, find
Contents
Solutions
Solution 1 (trigonometry)
Let be the foot of the perpendicular from to . Denote and , and (since and ). Then , and .
By the tangent addition rule , we see that Since , this simplifies to . We know that , so we can substitute this to find that .
Substituting again, we know have . This is a quadratic with roots . Since , use the smaller root, .
Now, . The answer is .
Solution 2 (synthetic)
Label , so . Rotate about until lies on . Now we know that therefore also since is the center of the square. Label the new triangle that we created . Now we know that rotation preserves angles and side lengths, so and . Draw and . Notice that since rotations preserve the same angles so too. By SAS we know that so . Now we have a right with legs and and hypotenuse . By the Pythagorean Theorem,
and applying the quadratic formula we get that . Since we take the positive root, and our answer is .
Solution 3 (similar triangles)
Let the midpoint of be and let , so then and . Drawing , we have , so By the Pythagorean Theorem on , Setting these two expressions for equal and solving for (it is helpful to scale the problem down by a factor of 50 first), we get . Since , we want the value , and the answer is .
Solution 4 (Abusing Stewart)
Let , so . Let , . Applying Stewart's Theorem on triangles twice, first using as the base point and then , we arrive at the equations and Now applying law of sines and law of cosines on yields and Solving for from the sines equation and plugging into the law of cosines equation yields . We now finish by adding the two original stewart equations and obtaining: This is a quadratic which only takes some patience to solve for
Solution 5 (Complex Numbers)
Let lower case letters be the complex numbers correspond to their respective upper case points in the complex plane, with , and . Since = 400, . From , we can deduce that the rotation of point 45 degrees counterclockwise, , and the origin are collinear. In other words, is a real number. Simplyfying using the fact that , clearing the denominator, and setting the imaginary part equal to , we eventually get the quadratic which has solutions . It is given that , so and
-MP8148
Solution 6
Let G be a point such that it lies on AB, and GOE is 90 degrees. Let H be foot of the altitude from O to AB. Since , , and by Angle Bisector Theorem, . Thus, . , and (90 degree rotation), and now we can bash on 2 similar triangles .
I hope you like expanding Quadratic formula gives us Since AE < BF Thus, So, our answer is .
-AlexLikeMath
Solution 7 (Using a Circle)
We know that G is on the perpendicular bisector of , which means that , and . Now, let be equal to . We can set up an equation with the Pythagorean Theorem:
Now, since ,
Since , we now have:
This means that our answer would be
~Jerry_Guo
Solution 8 (More Similar Triangles)
Construct Let Also let then We then have from simple angle-chasing: From AA similarity we have This gives the ratios, Similarly from AA similarity So we get the ratios We can multiply to get Cross-multiplying reveals Bringing everything to one side we have By the quadratic formula we get Therefore ~aa1024
Solution 9
We use ratio lemma and Stewart's theorem: Connect and let and Let angle hence Now, we apply Stewart's theorem in triangles and to get and in terms of finally, calculate and using ratio lemma to find and
Solution 10(Similar Triangles)
Draw AO, OB, and extend OB to D. Let Then, after angle chasing, we find that . Using this, we draw a line perpendicular to at to meet at . Since and , we have that Let . Then . Since , and , we have Since is a triangle, Solving for , we get that , but since , , thus -dchang0524
See also
2005 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 11 |
Followed by Problem 13 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
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