Difference between revisions of "2010 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 18"
Jackshi2006 (talk | contribs) m (→Solution) |
Jackshi2006 (talk | contribs) (→Solution) |
||
Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
We get this probability to be <math>\frac{3!}{8\cdot{7}\cdot{6}} = \frac{1}{56}</math> | We get this probability to be <math>\frac{3!}{8\cdot{7}\cdot{6}} = \frac{1}{56}</math> | ||
− | (This was confusing for me, so think of it like this: Bernardo chooses his number. Silva has one out of the total number of options to get the same number. The total number of options is 8 choose 3: <math>\frac{8\cdot{7}\cdot{6}}{3!}</math> = \frac{1}{56}<math>. There are 8 numbers and you choose three to make a three-digit number. Setting it up to be descending doesn't affect the number of ways there are. | + | (This was confusing for me, so think of it like this: Bernardo chooses his number. Silva has one out of the total number of options to get the same number. The total number of options is 8 choose 3: <math>\frac{8\cdot{7}\cdot{6}}{3!}</math> = \frac{1}{56}<math> . There are 8 numbers and you choose three to make a three-digit number. Setting it up to be descending doesn't affect the number of ways there are. |
-Jackshi2006) | -Jackshi2006) | ||
Revision as of 23:32, 8 January 2020
Problem
Bernardo randomly picks 3 distinct numbers from the set and arranges them in descending order to form a 3-digit number. Silvia randomly picks 3 distinct numbers from the set and also arranges them in descending order to form a 3-digit number. What is the probability that Bernardo's number is larger than Silvia's number?
Solution
We can solve this by breaking the problem down into cases and adding up the probabilities.
Case : Bernardo picks .
If Bernardo picks a then it is guaranteed that his number will be larger than Silvia's. The probability that he will pick a is .
Case : Bernardo does not pick .
Since the chance of Bernardo picking is , the probability of not picking is .
If Bernardo does not pick 9, then he can pick any number from to . Since Bernardo is picking from the same set of numbers as Silvia, the probability that Bernardo's number is larger is equal to the probability that Silvia's number is larger.
Ignoring the for now, the probability that they will pick the same number is the number of ways to pick Bernardo's 3 numbers divided by the number of ways to pick any 3 numbers.
We get this probability to be
(This was confusing for me, so think of it like this: Bernardo chooses his number. Silva has one out of the total number of options to get the same number. The total number of options is 8 choose 3: = \frac{1}{56}$. There are 8 numbers and you choose three to make a three-digit number. Setting it up to be descending doesn't affect the number of ways there are. -Jackshi2006)
Probability of Bernardo's number being greater is <cmath>\frac{1-\frac{1}{56}}{2} = \frac{55}{112}</cmath>
Factoring the fact that Bernardo could've picked a$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg)9$but didn't:
<cmath>\frac{2}{3}\cdot{\frac{55}{112}} = \frac{55}{168}</cmath>
Adding up the two cases we get$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg)\frac{1}{3}+\frac{55}{168} = \boxed{\frac{37}{56}\ \textbf{(B)}}$
See also
2010 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 17 |
Followed by Problem 19 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.