Difference between revisions of "2018 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 9"

Revision as of 14:33, 20 September 2021

Problem

What is $\sum^{100}_{i=1} \sum^{100}_{j=1} (i+j) ?$

$\textbf{(A) }100{,}100 \qquad \textbf{(B) }500{,}500\qquad \textbf{(C) }505{,}000 \qquad \textbf{(D) }1{,}001{,}000 \qquad \textbf{(E) }1{,}010{,}000 \qquad$

Solution 1

We can start by writing out the first couple of terms: $\begin{array}{ccccccccc} (1+1) &+ &(1+2) &+ &(1+3) &+ &\dots &+ &(1+100) \\ (2+1) &+ &(2+2) &+ &(2+3) &+ &\dots &+ &(2+100) \\ (3+1) &+ &(3+2) &+ &(3+3) &+ &\dots &+ &(3+100) \\ [-1ex] &&&&\vdots&&&& \\ (100+1) &+ &(100+2) &+ &(100+3) &+ &\dots &+ &(100+100) \end{array}$ Looking at the first terms in the parentheses, we can see that $1+2+3+\dots+100$ occurs $100$ times. It goes vertically and exists $100$ times horizontally. Looking at the second terms in the parentheses, we can see that $1+2+3+\dots+100$ occurs $100$ times. It goes horizontally and exists $100$ times vertically.

Thus, we have $2\left(\dfrac{100\cdot101}{2}\cdot 100\right)=\boxed{\textbf{(E) }1{,}010{,}000}.$

Solution 2

Recall that the sum of the first $100$ positive integers is $\sum^{100}_{k=1} k = \frac{101\cdot100}{2}=5050.$ It follows that $\begin{align*} \sum^{100}_{i=1} \sum^{100}_{j=1} (i+j) &= \sum^{100}_{i=1} \left(\sum^{100}_{j=1} i + \sum^{100}_{j=1} j\right) \\ &= \sum^{100}_{i=1} (100i+5050) \\ &= 100\sum^{100}_{i=1} i + \sum^{100}_{i=1} 5050 \\ &= 100\cdot5050+5050\cdot100 \\ &= \boxed{\textbf{(E) }1{,}010{,}000}. \end{align*}$ ~Vfire ~MRENTHUSIASM

Solution 3

Recall that the sum of the first $100$ positive integers is $\sum^{100}_{k=1} k = \frac{101\cdot100}{2}=5050.$ Since the nested summation is symmetric with respect to $i$ and $j,$ it follows that $\begin{align*} \sum^{100}_{i=1} \sum^{100}_{j=1} (i+j) &= \sum^{100}_{i=1} \sum^{100}_{i=1} (2i) \\ &= 2\sum^{100}_{i=1} \sum^{100}_{i=1} i \\ &= 2\sum^{100}_{i=1} 5050 \\ &= 2\cdot(5050\cdot100) \\ &= \boxed{\textbf{(E) }1{,}010{,}000}. \end{align*}$ ~Vfire ~MRENTHUSIASM

Solution 4

The sum contains $100\cdot100=10000$ terms, and the average value of both $i$ and $j$ is $\frac{101}{2}.$ Therefore, the sum becomes $10000\left(\frac{101}{2}+\frac{101}{2}\right)=\boxed{\textbf{(E) }1{,}010{,}000}.$ ~Rejas ~MRENTHUSIASM

Solution 5

When we expand the nested summation as shown in Solution 1, note that:

The term $2$ appears $1$ time.
The term $3$ appears $2$ times.
The term $4$ appears $3$ times.
$\cdots$
The term $101$ appears $100$ times.
More generally, the term $k+1$ appears $k$ times for $k\in\{1,2,3,\ldots,100\}.$
The term $102$ appears $99$ times.
The term $103$ appears $98$ times.
The term $104$ appears $97$ times.
$\cdots$
The term $200$ appears $1$ time.
More generally, the term $k+101$ appears $100-k$ times for $k\in\{1,2,3,\ldots,99\}.$

Together, the nested summation becomes $\begin{align*} \sum^{100}_{k=1}[(k+1)k] + \sum^{99}_{k=1}[(k+101)(100-k)] &= \sum^{100}_{k=1}[k^2+k] + \sum^{99}_{k=1}[-k^2-k+10100] \\ &= \sum^{100}_{k=1}k^2 + \sum^{100}_{k=1}k - \sum^{99}_{k=1}k^2 - \sum^{99}_{k=1}k + \sum^{99}_{k=1}10100 \\ &= \left(\sum^{100}_{k=1}k^2 - \sum^{99}_{k=1}k^2\right) + \left(\sum^{100}_{k=1}k - \sum^{99}_{k=1}k\right) + \sum^{99}_{k=1}10100 \\ &= 100^2+100+999900 \\ &= \boxed{\textbf{(E) }1{,}010{,}000}. \end{align*}$ ~MRENTHUSIASM

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 &= \boxed{\textbf{(E) }1{,}010{,}000}.
 \end{align*}</cmath>
-~RandomPieKevin ‎~MRENTHUSIASM
+~Vfire ~MRENTHUSIASM
 == Solution 4 ==

2018 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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