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Difference between revisions of "2016 AIME II Problems/Problem 11"

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==Problem==
 
For positive integers <math>N</math> and <math>k</math>, define <math>N</math> to be <math>k</math>-nice if there exists a positive integer <math>a</math> such that <math>a^{k}</math> has exactly <math>N</math> positive divisors. Find the number of positive integers less than <math>1000</math> that are neither <math>7</math>-nice nor <math>8</math>-nice.
 
For positive integers <math>N</math> and <math>k</math>, define <math>N</math> to be <math>k</math>-nice if there exists a positive integer <math>a</math> such that <math>a^{k}</math> has exactly <math>N</math> positive divisors. Find the number of positive integers less than <math>1000</math> that are neither <math>7</math>-nice nor <math>8</math>-nice.
  

Revision as of 16:19, 22 March 2018

Problem

For positive integers $N$ and $k$, define $N$ to be $k$-nice if there exists a positive integer $a$ such that $a^{k}$ has exactly $N$ positive divisors. Find the number of positive integers less than $1000$ that are neither $7$-nice nor $8$-nice.

Solution

We claim that an integer $N$ is only $k$-nice if and only if $N \equiv 1 \pmod k$. By the number of divisors formula, the number of divisors of $\prod_{i=1}^n p_i^{a_i}$ is $\prod_{i=1}^n (a_i+1)$. Since all the $a_i$s are divisible by $k$ in a perfect $k$ power, the only if part of the claim follows. To show that all numbers $N \equiv 1 \pmod k$ are $k$-nice, write $N=bk+1$. Note that $2^{kb}$ has the desired number of factors and is a perfect kth power. By PIE, the number of positive integers less than $1000$ that are either $1 \pmod 7$ or $1\pmod 8$ is $143+125-18=250$, so the desired answer is $999-250=\boxed{749}$.

Solution by Shaddoll

Solution II

All integers $a$ will have factorization $2^a3^b5^c7^d...$. Therefore, the number of factors in $a^7$ is $(7a+1)(7b+1)...$, and for $a^8$ is $(8a+1)(8b+1)...$. The most salient step afterwards is to realize that all numbers $N$ not $1 (\mod 7)$ and also not $1 (\mod 8)$ satisfy the criterion. The cycle repeats every $56$ integers, and by PIE, $7+8-1=14$ of them are either $7$-nice or $8$-nice or both. Therefore, we can take $\frac{42}{56} * 1008 = 756$ numbers minus the $7$ that work between $1000-1008$ inclusive, to get $\boxed{749}$ positive integers less than $1000$ that are not nice for $k=7, 8$.

See also

2016 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 10 		Followed by
Problem 12
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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