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Difference between revisions of "2009 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 5"

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==Solution 1==
 
==Solution 1==
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Using the standard multiplication algorithm, <math>111,111,111^2=12,345,678,987,654,321,</math> whose digit sum is <math>\fbox{(E) 81}.</math>
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Using the standard multiplication algorithm, <math>111,111,111^2=12,345,678,987,654,321,</math> whose digit sum is <math>(E) 81.</math>
  
 
==Solution 2 -- Nonrigorous solution==
 
==Solution 2 -- Nonrigorous solution==

Revision as of 08:32, 20 July 2021

Problem

What is the sum of the digits of the square of $\text 111111111$?

$\mathrm{(A)}\ 18\qquad\mathrm{(B)}\ 27\qquad\mathrm{(C)}\ 45\qquad\mathrm{(D)}\ 63\qquad\mathrm{(E)}\ 81$

Solution 1

Using the standard multiplication algorithm, $111,111,111^2=12,345,678,987,654,321,$ whose digit sum is $(E) 81.$

Solution 2 -- Nonrigorous solution

We note that

$1^2 = 1$,

$11^2 = 121$,

$111^2 = 12321$,

and $1,111^2 = 1234321$.

We can clearly see the pattern: If $X$ is $111\cdots111$, with $n$ ones (and for the sake of simplicity, assume that $n<10$), then the sum of the digits of $X^2$ is

$1+2+3+4+5\cdots n+(n-1)+(n-2)\cdots+1$

$=(1+2+3\cdots n)+(1+2+3+\cdots n-1)$

$=\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}+\dfrac{(n-1)n}{2}$

$=\dfrac{n(n+1+n-1)}{2}=\dfrac{2n^2}{2}=n^2.$

Aha! We know that $111,111,111$ has $9$ digits, so its digit sum is $9^2=\boxed{81(E)}$.

Solution 3

We see that $111^2$ can be written as $111(100+10+1)=11100+1110+111=12321$.

We can apply this strategy to find $111,111,111^2$, as seen below.

$111111111^2=111111111(100000000+10000000\cdots+10+1)$

$=11111111100000000+1111111110000000+\cdots+111111111$

$=12,345,678,987,654,321$

The digit sum is thus $1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1=81 \boxed{(E)}$.


Solution 4

Note that any number when taken $\mod{9}$ yields the digit sum of that number. So, the problem has simplified to finding $111,111,111^2 \pmod{9}$. We note that $111,111,111 \mod{9}$ is $9$, so $9^2=81$.

See also

2009 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 4 		Followed by
Problem 6
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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