Difference between revisions of "1978 AHSME Problems/Problem 20"

(Reformatted question. Source: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED239856.pdf)
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== Problem 20 ==
 
== Problem 20 ==
If <math>a,b,c</math> are non-zero real numbers such that <cmath>\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{a-b+c}{b}=\frac{-a+b+c}{a},</cmath> and <cmath>x=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{abc},</cmath> and <math>x<0</math>, then <math>x</math> equals
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If <math>a,b,c</math> are non-zero real numbers such that <cmath>\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{a-b+c}{b}=\frac{-a+b+c}{a},</cmath> and <cmath>x=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{abc},</cmath> and <math>x<0,</math> then <math>x</math> equals
  
 
<math>\textbf{(A) }-1\qquad
 
<math>\textbf{(A) }-1\qquad
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\textbf{(E) }-8    </math>  
 
\textbf{(E) }-8    </math>  
  
==Solution==
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==Solution 2==
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We equate the first two expressions (More generally, we can equate any two expressions): <cmath>\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{a-b+c}{b}.</cmath>
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We add <math>1</math> to both sides, then rearrange:
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<cmath>\begin{align*}
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\frac{a+b}{c} &= \frac{a+c}{b} \\
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ab+b^2 &= ac+c^2 \\
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\bigl(ab-ac\bigr)+\bigl(b^2-c^2\bigr) &= 0 \\
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a(b-c)+(b+c)(b-c) &= 0 \\
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(a+b+c)(b-c) &= 0,
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\end{align*}</cmath>
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from which <math>a+b+c=0</math> or <math>b=c.</math>
  
Take the first two expressions (you can actually take any two expressions):  <math>\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{a-b+c}{b}</math>.
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* If <math>a+b+c=0,</math> then <math>x=\frac{(-c)(-a)(-b)}{abc}=-1.</math>
  
<math>\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{a+c}{b}</math>
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* If <math>b=c,</math> then <math>x=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{abc}</math>
  
<math>ab+b^2=ac+c^2</math>
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~Pega969 (Solution)
  
<math>a(b-c)+b^2-c^2=0</math>
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~MRENTHUSIASM (Revision)
 
 
<math>(a+b+c)(b-c)=0</math>
 
 
 
<math>\Rightarrow a+b+c=0</math> OR <math>b=c</math>
 
 
 
The first solution gives us <math>x=\frac{(-c)(-a)(-b)}{abc}=-1</math>.
 
  
 
The second solution gives us <math>a=b=c</math>, and <math>x=\frac{8a^3}{a^3}=8</math>, which is not negative, so this solution doesn't work.
 
The second solution gives us <math>a=b=c</math>, and <math>x=\frac{8a^3}{a^3}=8</math>, which is not negative, so this solution doesn't work.
  
 
Therefore, <math>x=-1\Rightarrow\boxed{A}</math>.
 
Therefore, <math>x=-1\Rightarrow\boxed{A}</math>.
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<b>EDITING IN PROGRESS</b>
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==

Revision as of 21:03, 4 September 2021

Problem 20

If $a,b,c$ are non-zero real numbers such that \[\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{a-b+c}{b}=\frac{-a+b+c}{a},\] and \[x=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{abc},\] and $x<0,$ then $x$ equals

$\textbf{(A) }-1\qquad \textbf{(B) }-2\qquad \textbf{(C) }-4\qquad \textbf{(D) }-6\qquad  \textbf{(E) }-8$

Solution 2

We equate the first two expressions (More generally, we can equate any two expressions): \[\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{a-b+c}{b}.\] We add $1$ to both sides, then rearrange: \begin{align*} \frac{a+b}{c} &= \frac{a+c}{b} \\ ab+b^2 &= ac+c^2 \\ \bigl(ab-ac\bigr)+\bigl(b^2-c^2\bigr) &= 0 \\ a(b-c)+(b+c)(b-c) &= 0 \\ (a+b+c)(b-c) &= 0, \end{align*} from which $a+b+c=0$ or $b=c.$

  • If $a+b+c=0,$ then $x=\frac{(-c)(-a)(-b)}{abc}=-1.$
  • If $b=c,$ then $x=\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{abc}$

~Pega969 (Solution)

~MRENTHUSIASM (Revision)

The second solution gives us $a=b=c$, and $x=\frac{8a^3}{a^3}=8$, which is not negative, so this solution doesn't work.

Therefore, $x=-1\Rightarrow\boxed{A}$.

EDITING IN PROGRESS

See also

1978 AHSME (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 19
Followed by
Problem 21
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