Difference between revisions of "2014 IMO Problems/Problem 4"
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We are trying to prove that the intersection of <math>BM</math> and <math>CN</math>, call it point <math>D</math>, is on the circumcircle of triangle <math>ABC</math>. In other words, we are trying to prove angle <math>BAC</math> plus angle <math>BDC</math> is 180 degrees. | We are trying to prove that the intersection of <math>BM</math> and <math>CN</math>, call it point <math>D</math>, is on the circumcircle of triangle <math>ABC</math>. In other words, we are trying to prove angle <math>BAC</math> plus angle <math>BDC</math> is 180 degrees. | ||
Let the intersection of <math>BM</math> and <math>AN</math> be point <math>E</math>, and the intersection of <math>AM</math> and <math>CN</math> be point <math>F</math>. | Let the intersection of <math>BM</math> and <math>AN</math> be point <math>E</math>, and the intersection of <math>AM</math> and <math>CN</math> be point <math>F</math>. | ||
− | Let us assume (angle BDC) + (angle BAC) = 180. ''Note: This is circular reasoning.'' If angle BDC plus angle BAC is 180, then angle BAC should be equal to angles BDN and CDM. We can quickly prove that the triangles ABC, APB, and AQC are similar, so angles BAC = AQC = APB. We also see that angles AQC = BQN = APB = CPF. Also because angles BEQ and NED, MFD and CFP are equal, the triangles BEQ and NED, MDF and FCP must be two pairs of similar triangles. Therefore we must prove angles CBM and ANC, AMB and BCN are equal. | + | Let us assume (angle <math>BDC</math>) + (angle <math>BAC</math>) = 180. ''Note: This is circular reasoning.'' If angle <math>BDC</math> plus angle <math>BAC</math> is 180, then angle <math>BAC</math> should be equal to angles <math>BDN</math> and <math>CDM</math>. We can quickly prove that the triangles <math>ABC</math>, <math>APB</math>, and <math>AQC</math> are similar, so angles <math>BAC</math> = <math>AQC</math> = <math>APB</math>. We also see that angles <math>AQC = BQN = APB = CPF</math>. Also because angles <math>BEQ</math> and <math>NED, MFD</math> and <math>CFP</math> are equal, the triangles <math>BEQ</math> and <math>NED</math>, <math>MDF</math> and <math>FCP</math> must be two pairs of similar triangles. Therefore we must prove angles <math>CBM</math> and <math>ANC, AMB</math> and <math>BCN</math> are equal. |
− | We have angles BQA = APC = NQC = BPM. We also have AQ = QN, AP = PM. Because the triangles ABP and ACQ are similar, we have EC/EN = BF/FM, so triangles BFM and NEC are similar. So the angles CBM and ANC, BCN and AMB are equal and we are done. | + | We have angles <math>BQA = APC = NQC = BPM</math>. We also have <math>AQ = QN</math>, <math>AP = PM</math>. Because the triangles <math>ABP</math> and <math>ACQ</math> are similar, we have <math>EC/EN = BF/FM</math>, so triangles <math>BFM</math> and <math>NEC</math> are similar. So the angles <math>CBM</math> and <math>ANC, BCN</math> and <math>AMB</math> are equal and we are done. |
==Solution 2== | ==Solution 2== |
Revision as of 21:31, 28 February 2016
Problem
Points and lie on side of acute-angled so that and . Points and lie on lines and , respectively, such that is the midpoint of , and is the midpoint of . Prove that lines and intersect on the circumcircle of .
Solution
We are trying to prove that the intersection of and , call it point , is on the circumcircle of triangle . In other words, we are trying to prove angle plus angle is 180 degrees. Let the intersection of and be point , and the intersection of and be point . Let us assume (angle ) + (angle ) = 180. Note: This is circular reasoning. If angle plus angle is 180, then angle should be equal to angles and . We can quickly prove that the triangles , , and are similar, so angles = = . We also see that angles . Also because angles and and are equal, the triangles and , and must be two pairs of similar triangles. Therefore we must prove angles and and are equal. We have angles . We also have , . Because the triangles and are similar, we have , so triangles and are similar. So the angles and and are equal and we are done.
Solution 2
Let be the midpoint of . Easy angle chasing gives . Because is the midpoint of , the cotangent rule applied on triangle gives us Hence, by the cotangent rule on , we have Because the period of cotangent is , but angles are less than , we have
Similarly, we have Hence, if and intersect at , then by the Angle Sum in a Triangle Theorem. Hence, is cyclic, which is equivalent to the desired result.
--Suli 23:27, 7 February 2015 (EST)
Solution 3
Let be the midpoint of . By AA Similarity, triangles and are similar, so and . Similarly, , and so triangle is isosceles. Thus, , and so . Dividing both sides by 2, we have , or But we also have , so triangles and are similar by similarity. In particular, . Similarly, , so . In addition, angle sum in triangle gives . Therefore, if we let lines and intersect at , by Angle Sum in quadrilateral concave , and so convex , which is enough to prove that is cyclic. This completes the proof.
--Suli 10:38, 8 February 2015 (EST)
Alternate solutions are always welcome. If you have a different, elegant solution to this problem, please add it to this page.
See Also
2014 IMO (Problems) • Resources | ||
Preceded by Problem 3 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 | Followed by Problem 5 |
All IMO Problems and Solutions |