Difference between revisions of "2014 IMO Problems/Problem 4"
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− | We are trying to prove that the intersection of <math>BM</math> and <math>CN</math>, call it point <math>D</math>, is on the circumcircle of triangle <math>ABC</math>. In other words, we are trying to prove | + | We are trying to prove that the intersection of <math>BM</math> and <math>CN</math>, call it point <math>D</math>, is on the circumcircle of triangle <math>ABC</math>. In other words, we are trying to prove <math>\angle {BDC} + \angle {BAC} = 180</math>. |
Let the intersection of <math>BM</math> and <math>AN</math> be point <math>E</math>, and the intersection of <math>AM</math> and <math>CN</math> be point <math>F</math>. | Let the intersection of <math>BM</math> and <math>AN</math> be point <math>E</math>, and the intersection of <math>AM</math> and <math>CN</math> be point <math>F</math>. | ||
Let us assume <math>\angle {BDC} + \angle {BAC} = 180</math>. ''Note: This is circular reasoning.'' If <math>\angle {BDC} + \angle {BAC} = 180</math>, then angle <math>BAC</math> should be equal to angles <math>BDN</math> and <math>CDM</math>. We can quickly prove that the triangles <math>ABC</math>, <math>APB</math>, and <math>AQC</math> are similar, so angles <math>BAC</math> = <math>AQC</math> = <math>APB</math>. We also see that angles <math>AQC = BQN = APB = CPF</math>. Also because angles <math>BEQ</math> and <math>NED, MFD</math> and <math>CFP</math> are equal, the triangles <math>BEQ</math> and <math>NED</math>, <math>MDF</math> and <math>FCP</math> must be two pairs of similar triangles. Therefore we must prove angles <math>CBM</math> and <math>ANC, AMB</math> and <math>BCN</math> are equal. | Let us assume <math>\angle {BDC} + \angle {BAC} = 180</math>. ''Note: This is circular reasoning.'' If <math>\angle {BDC} + \angle {BAC} = 180</math>, then angle <math>BAC</math> should be equal to angles <math>BDN</math> and <math>CDM</math>. We can quickly prove that the triangles <math>ABC</math>, <math>APB</math>, and <math>AQC</math> are similar, so angles <math>BAC</math> = <math>AQC</math> = <math>APB</math>. We also see that angles <math>AQC = BQN = APB = CPF</math>. Also because angles <math>BEQ</math> and <math>NED, MFD</math> and <math>CFP</math> are equal, the triangles <math>BEQ</math> and <math>NED</math>, <math>MDF</math> and <math>FCP</math> must be two pairs of similar triangles. Therefore we must prove angles <math>CBM</math> and <math>ANC, AMB</math> and <math>BCN</math> are equal. |
Revision as of 21:35, 28 February 2016
Problem
Points and lie on side of acute-angled so that and . Points and lie on lines and , respectively, such that is the midpoint of , and is the midpoint of . Prove that lines and intersect on the circumcircle of .
Solution
We are trying to prove that the intersection of and , call it point , is on the circumcircle of triangle . In other words, we are trying to prove . Let the intersection of and be point , and the intersection of and be point . Let us assume . Note: This is circular reasoning. If , then angle should be equal to angles and . We can quickly prove that the triangles , , and are similar, so angles = = . We also see that angles . Also because angles and and are equal, the triangles and , and must be two pairs of similar triangles. Therefore we must prove angles and and are equal. We have angles . We also have , . Because the triangles and are similar, we have , so triangles and are similar. So the angles and and are equal and we are done.
Solution 2
Let be the midpoint of . Easy angle chasing gives . Because is the midpoint of , the cotangent rule applied on triangle gives us Hence, by the cotangent rule on , we have Because the period of cotangent is , but angles are less than , we have
Similarly, we have Hence, if and intersect at , then by the Angle Sum in a Triangle Theorem. Hence, is cyclic, which is equivalent to the desired result.
--Suli 23:27, 7 February 2015 (EST)
Solution 3
Let be the midpoint of . By AA Similarity, triangles and are similar, so and . Similarly, , and so triangle is isosceles. Thus, , and so . Dividing both sides by 2, we have , or But we also have , so triangles and are similar by similarity. In particular, . Similarly, , so . In addition, angle sum in triangle gives . Therefore, if we let lines and intersect at , by Angle Sum in quadrilateral concave , and so convex , which is enough to prove that is cyclic. This completes the proof.
--Suli 10:38, 8 February 2015 (EST)
Alternate solutions are always welcome. If you have a different, elegant solution to this problem, please add it to this page.
See Also
2014 IMO (Problems) • Resources | ||
Preceded by Problem 3 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 | Followed by Problem 5 |
All IMO Problems and Solutions |