2014 AIME II Problems/Problem 6
Problem
Charles has two six-sided die. One of the die is fair, and the other die is biased so that it comes up six with probability 
and each of the other five sides has probability 
. Charles chooses one of the two dice at random and rolls it three times. Given that the first two rolls are both sixes, the probability that the third roll will also be a six is 
, where 
and 
are relatively prime positive integers. Find 
.
Solution 1
The probability that he rolls a six twice when using the fair die is 
. The probability that he rolls a six twice using the biased die is 
. Given that Charles rolled two sixes, we can see that it is 
times more likely that he chose the second die. Therefore the probability that he is using the fair die is 
, and the probability that he is using the biased die is 
. The probability of rolling a third six is
![\[\frac{1}{17}\times \frac{1}{6} + \frac{16}{17} \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{102}+\frac{32}{51}=\frac{65}{102}\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/1/2/5/125239bc008928d0cf222ac7315615b46ad55d16.png)
Therefore, our desired is 
Solution 2 (Official Solution)
This is an incredibly simple problem if one is familiar with conditional probability (SO BE FAMILIAR WITH IT)!
The conditional probability that the third roll will be a six given that the first two rolls are sixes, is the conditional probability that Charles rolls three sixes given that his first two rolls are sixes. This is thus
. The answer is therefore 
.
~th1nq3r
Note: I have just found out that this is also the official solution. So I did not STEAL it, but as a coincidence, have come across the EXACT SAME SOLUTION. :/
See also
| 2014 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
| Preceded by Problem 5 |
Followed by Problem 7 | |
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