2010 AMC 8 Problems/Problem 25

Problem

Everyday at school, Jo climbs a flight of $6$ stairs. Joe can take the stairs $1$ , $2$ , or $3$ at a time. For example, Jo could climb $3$ , then $1$ , then $2$ . In how many ways can Jo climb the stairs?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 13 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 18\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 20\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 22\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 24$

Solution

We will systematically consider all of the possibilities. A valid climb can be thought of as a sequence of some or all of the numbers $1$ , $2$ , and $3$ , in which the sum of the sequence adds to $6$ . Since there is only one way to create a sequence which contains all $1s$ , all $2s$ , or all $3s$ , there are three possible sequences which only contain one number. If we attempt to create sequences which contain one $2$ and the rest $1s$ , the sequence will contain two $2s$ and four $1s$ . We can place the $2$ in either the first, second, third, fourth, or fifth position, giving a total of five possibilities. If we attempt to create sequences which contain one $3$ and the rest $1s$ , the sequence will contain one $3$ and three $1s$ . We can place the $3$ in either the first, second, third, or fourth position, giving a total of four possibilities. For sequences which contain exactly two $2s$ and the rest $1s$ , the sequence will contain two $2s$ and two $1s$ . The two $2s$ could be next to each other, separated by one $1$ in between, or separated by two $1s$ in between. We can place the two $2s$ next to each other in three ways, separated by one $1$ in two ways, and separated by two $1s$ in only one way. This gives us a total of six ways to create a sequence which contains two $2s$ and two $1s$ . Note that we cannot have a sequence of only $2s$ and $3s$ since the sum will either be $5$ or greater than $6$ . We now only need to consider the case where we use all three numbers in the sequence. Since all three numbers add to $6$ , the number of permutations of the three numbers is $3!=6$ . Adding up the number of sequences above, we get: $3+5+4+6+6=24$ . Thus, answer choice $\boxed{\textbf{(E)}\ 24}$ is correct.

Solution 2

An inductive approach is quick and easy. The number of ways to climb one stair is $1$ . There are $2$ ways to climb two stairs: $1$ , $1$ or $2$ . For 3 stairs, there are four ways: ( $1$ , $1$ , $1$ ) ( $1$ , $2$ ) ( $2$ , $1$ ) ( $3$ )

For four stairs, consider what step they came from to land on the fourth stair. They could have hopped straight from the 1st, done a double from #2, or used a single step from #3. The ways to get to each of these steps are $1+2+4=7$ ways to get to step 4. The pattern can then be extended: $4$ steps: $1+2+4=7$ ways. $5$ steps: $2+4+7=13$ ways. $6$ steps: $4+7+13=24$ ways.

Thus, there are $\boxed{\textbf{(E) } 24}$ ways to get to step 6.

2010 AMC 8 (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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2010 AMC 8 Problems/Problem 25

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Problem

Solution

Solution 2

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