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2017 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 19

Revision as of 12:57, 9 February 2017 by Bowenyin (talk | contribs) (→‎Solution)

Problem

Alice refuses to sit next to either Bob or Carla. Derek refuses to sit next to Eric. How many ways are there for the five of them to sit in a row of 5 chairs under these conditions?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 12\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 16\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 28\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 32\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 40$

Solution 1

For notation purposes, let Alice be A, Bob be B, Carla be C, Derek be D, and Eric be E. We can split this problem up into two cases:

$\textbf{Case 1: }$ A sits on an edge seat.

Then, since B and C can't sit next to A, that must mean either D or E sits next to A. After we pick either D or E, then either B or C must sit next to D/E. Then, we can arrange the two remaining people in two ways. Since there are two different edge seats that A can sit in, there are a total of $2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 16$.

$\textbf{Case 2: }$ A does not sit in an edge seat.

In this case, then only two people that can sit next to A are D and E, and there are two ways to permute them, and this also handles the restriction that D can't sit next to E. Then, there are two ways to arrange B and C, the remaining people. However, there are three initial seats that A can sit in, so there are $3 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 12$ seatings in this case.

Adding up all the cases, we have $16+12 = \boxed{\textbf{(C) } 28}$.

Solution 2

Label the seats $1$ through $5$. The number of ways to seat Derek and Eric in the five seats with no restrictions is $5*4=20$. The number of ways to seat Derek and Eric such that they sit next to each other is $8$ (which can be figure out quickly), so the number of ways such that Derek and Eric don't sit next to each other is $20-8=12$. Note that once Derek and Eric are seated, there are three cases.

The first case is that they sit at each end. There are two ways to seat Derek and Eric. But this is impossible because then Alice, Bob, and Carla would have to sit in some order in the middle three seats which would lead to Alice sitting next to Bob or Carla, a contradiction. So this case gives us $0$ ways.

Another possible case is if Derek and Eric seat in seats $2$ and $4$ in some order. There are 2 possible ways to seat Derek and Eric like this. This leaves Alice, Bob, and Carla to sit in any order in the remaining three seats. Since no two of these three seats are consecutive, there are $3!=6$ ways to do this. So the second case gives us $2*6=12$ total ways for the second case.

The last case is if once Derek and Eric are seated, exactly one pair of consecutive seats is available. There are $12-2-2=8$ ways to seat Derek and Eric like this. Once they are seated like this, Alice cannot not sit in one of the two consecutive available seats without sitting next to Bob and Carla. So Alice has to sit in the other remaining chair. Then, there are two ways to seat Bob and Carla in the remaining two seats (which are consecutive). So this case gives us $8*2=16$ ways.

So in total there are $12+16=28$. So our answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ 28}$.

See Also

2017 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 18 		Followed by
Problem 20
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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