1975 IMO Problems

Problems of the 17th IMO 1975 in Bulgaria.

Problem 1

Let $x_i, y_i~(i = 1, 2, \ldots, n)$ be real numbers such that $x_1 \geq x_2 \geq \cdots \geq x_n \text{ and } y_1 \geq y_2 \geq \cdots \geq y_n.$ Prove that, if $z_1, z_2, \cdots, z_n$ is any permutation of $y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_n$ , then $\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - y_i)^2 \leq \sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - z_i)^2.$

Solution

Problem 2

Let $a_1, a_2, a_3, \cdots$ be an infinite increasing sequence of positive integers. Prove that for every $p \geq 1$ there are infinitely many $a_m$ which can be written in the form $a_m = xa_p + ya_q$ with $x, y$ positive integers and $q > p$ .

Solution

Problem 3

On the sides of an arbitrary triangle $ABC$ , triangles $ABR, BCP, CAQ$ are constructed externally with $\angle CBP = \angle CAQ = 45^\circ, \angle BCP = \angle ACQ = 30^\circ, \angle ABR = \angle BAR = 15^\circ$ . Prove that $\angle QRP = 90^\circ$ and $QR = RP$ .

Solution

Problem 4

When $4444^{4444}$ is written in decimal notation, the sum of its digits is $A$ . Let $B$ be the sum of the digits of $A$ . Find the sum of the digits of $B$ . ( $A$ and $B$ are written in decimal notation.)

Solution

Problem 5

Determine, with proof, whether or not one can find 1975 points on the circumference of a circle with unit radius such that the distance between any two of them is a rational number.

Solution

Problem 6

Find all polynomials $P$ , in two variables, with the following properties:

(i) for a positive integer $n$ and all real $t, x, y$ $P(tx, ty) = t^n P(x, y)$ (that is, $P$ is homogeneous of degree $n$ ),

(ii) for all real $a, b, c,$ $P(b+c, a) + P(c+a, b) + P(a+b, c) = 0,$

(iii) $P(1, 0) = 1.$

Solution

1975 IMO (Problems) • Resources
Preceded by 1974 IMO	1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6	Followed by 1976 IMO
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1975 IMO Problems

Contents

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

Problem 4

Problem 5

Problem 6