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2012 USAJMO Problems/Problem 3

Revision as of 16:52, 25 April 2012 by R31415 (talk | contribs) (→‎Solution 2=)

Problem

Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be positive real numbers. Prove that \[\frac{a^3 + 3b^3}{5a + b} + \frac{b^3 + 3c^3}{5b + c} + \frac{c^3 + 3a^3}{5c + a} \ge \frac{2}{3} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2).\]

Solution

By the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, \[[a(5a + b) + b(5b + c) + c(5c + a)] \left( \frac{a^3}{5a + b} + \frac{b^3}{5b + c} + \frac{c^3}{5c + a} \right) \ge (a^2 + b^2 + c^2)^2,\] so \[\frac{a^3}{5a + b} + \frac{b^3}{5b + c} + \frac{c^3}{5c + a} \ge \frac{(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)^2}{5a^2 + 5b^2 + 5c^2 + ab + ac + bc}.\] Since $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \ge ab + ac + bc$, \[\frac{(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)^2}{5a^2 + 5b^2 + 5c^2 + ab + ac + bc} \ge \frac{(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)^2}{6a^2 + 6b^2 + 6c^2} = \frac{1}{6} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2).\] Hence, \[\frac{a^3}{5a + b} + \frac{b^3}{5b + c} + \frac{c^3}{5c + a} \ge \frac{1}{6} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2).\]

Again by the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, \[[b(5a + b) + c(5b + c) + a(5c + a)] \left( \frac{b^3}{5a + b} + \frac{c^3}{5b + c} + \frac{a^3}{5c + a} \right) \ge (a^2 + b^2 + c^2)^2,\] so \[\frac{b^3}{5a + b} + \frac{c^3}{5b + c} + \frac{a^3}{5c + a} \ge \frac{(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)^2}{a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 5ab + 5ac + 5bc}.\] Since $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \ge ab + ac + bc$, \[\frac{(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)^2}{a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 5ab + 5ac + 5bc} \ge \frac{(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)^2}{6a^2 + 6b^2 + 6c^2} = \frac{1}{6} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2).\] Hence, \[\frac{b^3}{5a + b} + \frac{c^3}{5b + c} + \frac{a^3}{5c + a} \ge \frac{1}{6} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2).\]

Therefore, \[\frac{a^3 + 3b^3}{5a + b} + \frac{b^3 + 3c^3}{5b + c} + \frac{c^3 + 3a^3}{5c + a} \ge \frac{1 + 3}{6} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2) = \frac{2}{3} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2).\]

Solution 2

Split up the numerators and multiply both sides of the fraction by either a or 3a: $\sum_{cyc} \frac {a^4} {5a^2+ab} +\sum_{cyc} \frac {9a^4} {15ac+3a^2}$ Then use Titu's Lemma (like Cauchy): $\sum_{cyc} \frac {a^4} {5a^2+ab} +\sum_{cyc} \frac {9a^4} {15ac+3a^2} \ge \frac {16(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2} {8(a^2+b^2+c^2)+16(ab+bc+ca)}$ It suffices to prove that$\frac {16(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2} {8(a^2+b^2+c^2)+16(ab+bc+ca)} \ge \frac {2} {3} (a^2+b^2+c^2)$ After some simplifying, it reduces to $a^2+b^2+c^2 \ge ab+bc+ca$ which is trivial by the Rearrangement Inequality.

See Also

2012 USAJMO (Problems • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 2 		Followed by
Problem 4
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6
All USAJMO Problems and Solutions
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