2014 AIME II Problems/Problem 2

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Problem

Arnold is studying the prevalence of three health risk factors, denoted by A, B, and C, within a population of men. For each of the three factors, the probability that a randomly selected man in the population has only this risk factor (and none of the others) is 0.1. For any two of the three factors, the probability that a randomly selected man has exactly these two risk factors (but not the third) is 0.14. The probability that a randomly selected man has all three risk factors, given that he has A and B is $\frac{1}{3}$. The probability that a man has none of the three risk factors given that he does not have risk factor A is $\frac{p}{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $p+q$.

Solution

We first assume a population of $100$ to facilitate solving. Then we simply organize the statistics given into a Venn diagram.

Let $x$ be the number of men with all three risk factors. Since "the probability that a randomly selected man has all three risk factors, given that he has A and B is $\frac{1}{3}$," we can tell that $x = \frac{1}{3}(x+14)$, since there are $x$ people with all three factors and 14 with only A and B. Thus $x=7$.

It now follows that the number of men with no risk factors is \[100 - 3 \cdot 10 - 3 \cdot 14 - 7 = 21.\] The number of men with risk factor A is $10+2 \cdot 14+7 = 45$ (10 with only A, 28 with A and one of the others, and 7 with all three). Thus the number of men without risk factor $A$ is 55, so the desired conditional probability is $21/55$. So the answer is $21+55=\boxed{076}$.

See also

2014 AIME II (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 1
Followed by
Problem 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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