# Difference between revisions of "2004 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 14"

The following problem is from both the 2004 AMC 12A #14 and 2004 AMC 10A #18, so both problems redirect to this page.

## Problem

A sequence of three real numbers forms an arithmetic progression with a first term of $9$. If $2$ is added to the second term and $20$ is added to the third term, the three resulting numbers form a geometric progression. What is the smallest possible value for the third term in the geometric progression?

$\text {(A)}\ 1 \qquad \text {(B)}\ 4 \qquad \text {(C)}\ 36 \qquad \text {(D)}\ 49 \qquad \text {(E)}\ 81$

## Solution 1

Let $d$ be the common difference. Then $9$, $9+d+2=11+d$, $9+2d+20=29+2d$ are the terms of the geometric progression. Since the middle term is the geometric mean of the other two terms, $(11+d)^2 = 9(2d+29)$ $\Longrightarrow d^2 + 4d - 140$ $= (d+14)(d-10) = 0$. The smallest possible value occurs when $d = -14$, and the third term is $2(-14) + 29 = 1\Rightarrow\boxed{\mathrm{(A)}\ 1}$.

## Solution 2

Let $d$ be the common difference and $r$ be the common ratio. Then the arithmetic sequence is $9$, $9+d$, and $9+2d$. The geometric sequence (when expressed in terms of $d$) has the terms $9$, $11+d$, and $29+2d$. Thus, we get the following equations:

$9r=11+d\Rightarrow d=9r-11$

$9r^2=29+2d$

Plugging in the first equation into the second, our equation becomes $9r^2=29+18r-22\Longrightarrow9r^2-18r-7=0$. By the quadratic formula, $r$ can either be $-\frac{1}{3}$ or $\frac{7}{3}$. If $r$ is $-\frac{1}{3}$, the third term (of the geometric sequence) would be $1$, and if $r$ is $\frac{7}{3}$, the third term would be $49$. Clearly the minimum possible value for the third term of the geometric sequence is $\boxed{\mathrm{(A)}\ 1}$.

## Solution 3

Let the three numbers be, in increasing order, $z,y,9$

Hence, we have that $9-y=y-z\implies 9+z=2y$.

Also, from the second part of information given, we get that

$\frac{9}{y+2}=\frac{y+2}{z+20}\implies 9(z+20)=(y+2)^2\implies y=3(\sqrt{z+20})-2$

Plugging back in..

$9+z=6(\sqrt{z+20})-4\implies (9+z)^2=36(z+20)$

Simplifying, we get that $z^2-10z-551=0$

Applying the quadratic formula, we get that $z=\frac{10\pm \sqrt{2304}}{2}\implies \frac{10\pm48}{2}$

Obviously, in order to minimize the value of $z$, we have to subtract. Hence, $z=-19$

However, the problem asks for the minimum value of the third term in a geometric progression.

Hence, the answer is $-19+20=\boxed{1} \implies \boxed{A}$