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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Really fun geometry problem
Sadigly   4
N 4 minutes ago by Double07
Source: Azerbaijan Senior MO 2025 P6
In the acute triangle $ABC$ with $AB<AC$, the foot of altitudes from $A,B,C$ to the sides $BC,CA,AB$ are $D,E,F$, respectively. $H$ is the orthocenter. $M$ is the midpoint of segment $BC$. Lines $MH$ and $EF$ intersect at $K$. Let the tangents drawn to circumcircle $(ABC)$ from $B$ and $C$ intersect at $T$. Prove that $T;D;K$ are colinear
4 replies
Sadigly
an hour ago
Double07
4 minutes ago
Orthocenter
jayme   8
N 11 minutes ago by cj13609517288
Dear Mathlinkers,

1. ABC an acuatangle triangle
2. H the orthcenter of ABC
3. DEF the orthic triangle of ABC
4. A* the midpoint of AH
5. X the point of intersection of AH and EF.

Prove : X is the orthocenter of A*BC.

Sincerely
Jean-Louis
8 replies
jayme
Mar 25, 2015
cj13609517288
11 minutes ago
Constructing graphs satisfying conditions on degrees
jlammy   19
N 15 minutes ago by de-Kirschbaum
Source: EGMO 2017 P4
Let $n\geq1$ be an integer and let $t_1<t_2<\dots<t_n$ be positive integers. In a group of $t_n+1$ people, some games of chess are played. Two people can play each other at most once. Prove that it is possible for the following two conditions to hold at the same time:

(i) The number of games played by each person is one of $t_1,t_2,\dots,t_n$.

(ii) For every $i$ with $1\leq i\leq n$, there is someone who has played exactly $t_i$ games of chess.
19 replies
jlammy
Apr 9, 2017
de-Kirschbaum
15 minutes ago
An easy geometry in Taiwan TST
Li4   6
N 16 minutes ago by wassupevery1
Source: 2022 Taiwan TST Round 3 Independent Study 1-G
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with orthocenter $H$ and circumcircle $\Omega$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of side $BC$. Point $D$ is chosen from the minor arc $BC$ on $\Gamma$ such that $\angle BAD = \angle MAC$. Let $E$ be a point on $\Gamma$ such that $DE$ is perpendicular to $AM$, and $F$ be a point on line $BC$ such that $DF$ is perpendicular to $BC$. Lines $HF$ and $AM$ intersect at point $N$, and point $R$ is the reflection point of $H$ with respect to $N$.

Prove that $\angle AER + \angle DFR = 180^\circ$.

Proposed by Li4.
6 replies
Li4
Apr 27, 2022
wassupevery1
16 minutes ago
Do not try to overthink these equations
Sadigly   3
N 27 minutes ago by cj13609517288
Source: Azerbaijan Senior MO 2025 P2
Find all the positive reals $x,y,z$ satisfying the following equations: $$y=\frac6{(2x-1)^2}$$$$z=\frac6{(2y-1)^2}$$$$x=\frac6{(2z-1)^2}$$
3 replies
Sadigly
2 hours ago
cj13609517288
27 minutes ago
Another thingy inequality
giangtruong13   2
N 2 hours ago by Double07
Let $a,b,c >0$ such that: $xyz=1$. Prove that: $$\sum_{cyc} \frac{xz+xy}{1+x^3} \leq \sum_{cyc} \frac{1}{x}$$
2 replies
giangtruong13
3 hours ago
Double07
2 hours ago
Kosovo MO 2010 Problem 5
Com10atorics   18
N 2 hours ago by justaguy_69
Source: Kosovo MO 2010 Problem 5
Let $x,y$ be positive real numbers such that $x+y=1$. Prove that
$\left(1+\frac {1}{x}\right)\left(1+\frac {1}{y}\right)\geq 9$.
18 replies
Com10atorics
Jun 7, 2021
justaguy_69
2 hours ago
Inspired by my own results
sqing   0
2 hours ago
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c $ be real numbers such that $  a^2+2b^2+4c^2=1. $ Prove that
$$a+2ab+4ca \geq  -\frac{5}{4}\sqrt{ \frac{5}{2}} $$Let $ a,b,c $ be real numbers such that $  a^2+2b^2+c^2=1. $ Prove that
$$a+2ab+4ca \geq  -\frac{1}{24}\sqrt{2951+145\sqrt{145}} $$Let $ a,b,c $ be real numbers such that $ 10a^2+b^2+c^2=1. $ Prove that
$$a+2ab+4ca \geq  -\frac{1}{80}\sqrt{3599+161\sqrt{161}} $$
0 replies
sqing
2 hours ago
0 replies
help!!!!!!!!!!!!
Cobedangiu   5
N 3 hours ago by sqing
help
5 replies
Cobedangiu
Mar 23, 2025
sqing
3 hours ago
Inspired by lgx57
sqing   2
N 3 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b>0, a^4+ab+b^4=10  $. Prove that
$$ \sqrt{10}\leq a^2+ab+b^2 \leq 6$$$$ 2\leq a^2-ab+b^2 \leq  \sqrt{10}$$$$  4\sqrt{10}\leq 4a^2+ab+4b^2 \leq18$$$$  12<4a^2-ab+4b^2 \leq14$$
2 replies
sqing
4 hours ago
sqing
3 hours ago
Inspired by Bet667
sqing   3
N 4 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b $ be a real numbers such that $a^3+kab+b^3\ge a^4+b^4.$Prove that
$$1-\sqrt{k+1} \leq  a+b\leq 1+\sqrt{k+1} $$Where $ k\geq 0. $
3 replies
sqing
5 hours ago
sqing
4 hours ago
Inspired by Bet667
sqing   3
N 4 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b $ be a real numbers such that $a^2+kab+b^2\ge a^3+b^3.$Prove that$$a+b\leq k+2$$Where $ k\geq 0. $
3 replies
sqing
May 6, 2025
sqing
4 hours ago
Simple inequality
sqing   22
N Today at 10:01 AM by ND_
Source: JBMO 2011 Shortlist A3
$\boxed{\text{A3}}$If $a,b$ be positive real numbers, show that:$$ \displaystyle{\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{3}}+\sqrt{ab}\leq a+b}$$
22 replies
sqing
May 15, 2016
ND_
Today at 10:01 AM
Serbia national Olympiad Day 2 Problem 2
IgorM   19
N Today at 9:16 AM by IndexLibrorumProhibitorum
Source: Serbia national Olympiad Day 2 Problem 2
Let $x,y,z$ be nonnegative positive integers.
Prove $\frac{x-y}{xy+2y+1}+\frac{y-z}{zy+2z+1}+\frac{z-x}{xz+2x+1}\ge 0$
19 replies
IgorM
Mar 28, 2015
IndexLibrorumProhibitorum
Today at 9:16 AM
Parallelograms and concyclicity
Lukaluce   31
N May 6, 2025 by Ihatecombin
Source: EGMO 2025 P4
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with incentre $I$ and $AB \neq AC$. Let lines $BI$ and $CI$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P \neq B$ and $Q \neq C$, respectively. Consider points $R$ and $S$ such that $AQRB$ and $ACSP$ are parallelograms (with $AQ \parallel RB, AB \parallel QR, AC \parallel SP$, and $AP \parallel CS$). Let $T$ be the point of intersection of lines $RB$ and $SC$. Prove that points $R, S, T$, and $I$ are concyclic.
31 replies
Lukaluce
Apr 14, 2025
Ihatecombin
May 6, 2025
Parallelograms and concyclicity
G H J
Source: EGMO 2025 P4
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Lukaluce
268 posts
#1 • 7 Y
Y by farhad.fritl, Frd_19_Hsnzde, Rounak_iitr, cubres, radian_51, dangerousliri, ItsBesi
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with incentre $I$ and $AB \neq AC$. Let lines $BI$ and $CI$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P \neq B$ and $Q \neq C$, respectively. Consider points $R$ and $S$ such that $AQRB$ and $ACSP$ are parallelograms (with $AQ \parallel RB, AB \parallel QR, AC \parallel SP$, and $AP \parallel CS$). Let $T$ be the point of intersection of lines $RB$ and $SC$. Prove that points $R, S, T$, and $I$ are concyclic.
Z K Y
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Li4
45 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by radian_51, S_14159
Notice that
$$ \measuredangle TBI - \measuredangle TCI = (B+P-A-Q) - (C+Q-A-P) = B-C + 2P - 2Q = 0 $$and
$$ \frac{BI}{BR} = \frac{BI}{AQ} = \frac{BI}{IQ} = \frac{CI}{IP} = \frac{CI}{AP} = \frac{CI}{CS}. $$So $\triangle IBR \stackrel{+}{\sim} \triangle ICS$, and thus $R$, $S$, $T$, $I$ are concyclic.
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TestX01
341 posts
#3 • 3 Y
Y by radian_51, Begli_I., S_14159
when will turbo be in geo :(

Note that $\measuredangle CBT=\measuredangle B-\frac{\angle C}{2}$ and $\measuredangle TCB=\measuredangle C-\frac{\angle B}{2}$. Sum, and take supplement so $\measuredangle BTC=\measuredangle A + \frac{\angle B+\angle C}{2}=90^\circ+\frac{\angle A}{2}$ as desired. Thus $BTIC$ cyclic

OR:
By Vectors at $A$, $SR=AQ+AB-AC-AP=CB+PQ$. Let $PQ$ be added to vector $CB$, and this is $K$. This gives us symmetry over the midpoint of $BQ$. Now, we simply note that $\measuredangle(CS,BR)=\measuredangle(RK,BR)=\measuredangle(AP,AQ)=\measuredangle(IC,IB)$ by symmetry and well-known

Now note that $BR=AQ, CS=AP$ and because $\triangle AQP\sim \triangle IBC$ we are done because we have spiral sim.
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by TestX01, Apr 15, 2025, 12:03 AM
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bin_sherlo
720 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
Work on the complex plane. Let $a=x^2,b=y^2,c=z^2$. We have $r=y^2-xy-x^2$ and $s=z^2-xz-x^2$ hence
\[\frac{-xy-yz-zx-y^2}{-xy-yz-zx-z^2}=\frac{x+y}{x+z}=\frac{-yz-zx+x^2-y^2}{-yz-yx+x^2-z^2}\]Thus, $I$ is the center of spiral homothety carrying $BC$ to $RS$ as desired.$\blacksquare$
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WLOGQED1729
46 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
WLOG, assume that $AB < AC$.

$\textbf{Claim:}$ $I$ is the center of spiral similarity which maps $BR$ to $CS$.

$\textbf{Proof:}$ Note that
\[
\angle IBR = 360^\circ - \angle ABR - \angle ABI 
= 360^\circ - (180^\circ - \angle QAB) - \frac{\angle ABC}{2} 
= 180^\circ + \frac{\angle ACB}{2} - \frac{\angle ABC}{2}
\]
and
\[
\angle ICS = \angle ICA + \angle ACS 
= \frac{\angle ACB}{2} + 180^\circ - \angle CAP 
= 180^\circ + \frac{\angle ACB}{2} - \frac{\angle ABC}{2}
\]
\[
\Rightarrow \angle IBR = \angle ICS
\]
Furthermore,
\[
\frac{IB}{BR} = \frac{IB}{AQ} = \frac{IB}{IQ} = \frac{IC}{IP} = \frac{IC}{AP} = \frac{IC}{CS}
\]
\[
\Rightarrow \triangle IBR \sim \triangle ICS \quad \blacksquare
\]
By the claim and the fact that $T = RB \cap SC$,
we can conclude that $T, I, R, S$ are concyclic. $\blacksquare$
Attachments:
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Z4ADies
64 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
problem reduces to spiral sim centered at $I$ sends $BR$ to $CS$. Which is easy LoS to $IBC$ and $AQP$....
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Z4ADies, Apr 14, 2025, 11:31 AM
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TestX01
341 posts
#7 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
. edited into my other post
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by TestX01, Apr 15, 2025, 12:01 AM
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lelouchvigeo
181 posts
#8 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
Storage
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Assassino9931
1324 posts
#9 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
:(

Angle chase to get $\angle BTC = 90^{\circ} + \frac{1}{2}\angle BAC = \angle BIC$, so $\angle TBI = \angle TCI$. Since $\frac{BI}{BR} = \frac{BI}{BQ} = \frac{CI}{CP} = \frac{CI}{CS}$, we get $\triangle BIR \sim \triangle CIS$, so $\angle BIR = \angle CIS$, i.e. $\angle RIS = \angle BIC = \angle BTC = \angle RTS$, done.
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mariairam
8 posts
#11 • 3 Y
Y by radian_51, Ciobi_, vi144
The main idea is to show that $\angle RTS=\angle RIS$.
We may assume WLOG that $AB<AC$.
$\boldsymbol{Claim:}$ $\triangle IBR \sim \triangle ICS$.
$\boldsymbol{Proof:}$ By Incentre-Excentre Lemma, $BQ=QI$ and $CP=PI$.
Since $\angle BAC=\angle BQI=\angle CPI$, then $\triangle BQI \sim \triangle CPI$, so $\frac{IB}{IC}=\frac{BQ}{CP}$.
$QA=QB=BR$ and $PA=PC=CS$, giving $\frac{IB}{IC}=\frac{BR}{CS}$.
Now it remains to prove that $\angle IBR=\angle ICS.$ It follows from angle chase:
$\angle IBR=2\pi-\angle ABR-\angle ABI = 2\pi - (\pi- \angle QAB)-\frac{\angle B}{2}= \pi +\frac{\angle C}{2} - \frac{\angle B}{2}$ and $\angle ICS= \angle ICA +\angle ACS = \frac{\angle C}{2}+ \pi - \angle PAC=\pi + \frac{\angle C}{2}-\frac{\angle B}{2}$.
Therefore $\angle IBR=\angle ICS$ and the claim follows.

We have already proved that $\angle IBR=\angle ICS$, giving $\angle TBI=\angle TCI$, so $T, B, C, I$ lie on a circle. Hence $\angle BIC=\angle BTC$.
From the claim, we get that $\angle BIR=\angle CIS$, which yields $\angle BIC =\angle RIS$.
Therefore $\angle RTS = \angle RIS$, so points $R, S, T, I$ are concyclic.
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ThatApollo777
73 posts
#12 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
Let $(ABC)$ be the unit circle such that $$A = a^2$$$$B=b^2$$$$C=c^2$$$$I = -ab-bc-ca$$$$Q=-ab$$$$R=-ab+b^2-a^2$$$$\frac{B - I}{R-I} = \frac{b^2+ab+bc+ac}{b^2-a^2+bc+ca}=\frac{(b+a)(b+c)}{(b+a)(b-a+c)} = \frac{b+c}{b+c-a}$$This is symmetric in $b$ and $c$ so triangle $RIB$ is directly similar to $SIC$ so $I$ is spiral centre that sends $RB$ to $SC$ hence we are done by spiral centre config.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by ThatApollo777, Apr 17, 2025, 2:45 AM
Reason: Typo
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EpicBird08
1751 posts
#15 • 2 Y
Y by hukilau17, radian_51
We claim that $I$ is the center of spiral similarity sending $BC$ to $RS$, which immediately implies the problem.

To prove this, we use complex numbers with $(ABC)$ as the unit circle. Let $a = x^2, b = y^2, c = z^2$ and $p = -zx, q = -xy.$ Then $R = b+q-a=y^2-xy-x^2$ and $S = c+p-a = z^2 - zx - x^2.$ The incenter is given by $j = -xy - yz - zx.$ Then we must verify that $$-xy-yz-zx = \frac{y^2 (z^2 - zx - x^2) - z^2 (y^2 - xy - x^2)}{y^2 + (z^2 - zx - x^2) - z^2 - (y^2 - xy - x^2)}$$or $$(xy+yz+zx)(z-y) = -y^2 z - x y^2 + yz^2 + xz^2,$$which follows upon expansion.
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AnSoLiN
68 posts
#16 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
The spiral homothety sending $R$ to $S$ and $B$ to $C$ have ratio $\dfrac{BR}{CS}=\dfrac{AQ}{AP}=\dfrac{IB}{IC}$. Its center, say $K$, is on the circle $(TBC)$ and satisfies $\dfrac{KB}{KC}=\dfrac{IB}{IC}$, therefore it is $I$, which should also be on circle $(TRS)$.
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Frd_19_Hsnzde
20 posts
#17 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
EGMO 2025 geos are on fire. :10: .

My solution is same with most of above but i posted mine anyways because why not. :gleam: .

We will prove that $\angle IRT = \angle CSI$.

Let $\angle ACP = a$ $\angle ICA = b$.It's easy to see that paralelograms are rhombuses.

$\textbf{Claim-1:}$ $\angle IBR = \angle ICS$.

$\textbf{Proof:}$ $\angle ICS = \angle SCA - \angle ICA = \angle ACP - \angle ICA = a-b$.if we prove that $\angle IBR = a-b$ this claim is done. $\angle ACQ = \angle ABQ = \angle ABR = b$.And $\angle ACP = \angle PAC = \angle PBC = \angle ABP = a$.Soo $\angle IBR = \angle ABP - \angle ABR = a-b$. $\square$. And it's easy to observe that right now if we prove that $\triangle IBR \sim \triangle ICS$ we are done.

$\textbf{Claim-2:}$ $\frac{CS}{BR}=\frac{IC}{IB}$.

$\textbf{Proof:}$ If we prove that claim we are done.From rhombuses' infos and Incenter - Excenter Lemma we know that $AR=BR=BP=AP=CP=IP$ and similarly $AQ=CQ=CS=AS=IQ=BQ$.

$\frac{CS}{BR} = \frac{IP}{IQ} = \frac{IC}{IB}$.Soo we are done. $\blacksquare$. :D .(By the way there is unused $BCIT$ is cyclic info :mad: ).
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by Frd_19_Hsnzde, Apr 14, 2025, 3:12 PM
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YaoAOPS
1540 posts
#18 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
Angle chasing gives that $\angle RTS = \angle BTC = \angle BIC$ so $BTIC$ is cyclic. It remains to show that $I$ is the spiral center from $RS$ to $BC$ or $RB$ to $TC$. However,
\[
	\frac{RB}{BI} = \frac{QB}{BI} = \frac{QI}{BI} = \frac{PI}{CI} = \frac{PC}{CI} = \frac{SC}{CI}
\]and $\angle RBI = \angle SCI = |\angle B/2 - \angle C/2|$ so we are done.
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CrazyInMath
457 posts
#19 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
$RT\parallel AQ$, $ST\parallel AP$
so $\measuredangle RTS=\measuredangle QAP=\measuredangle BIC$

As $BIQ\sim CIP$, we have $BI:BR=BI:AQ=BI:BQ=CI:CP=CI:AP=CI:CS$
also $\measuredangle RBI=\measuredangle (AQ, BI)=\measuredangle AQI+\measuredangle QIB=\measuredangle ABC+\measuredangle CIB=\measuredangle API+\measuredangle CIB=\measuredangle(AP, CI)=\measuredangle SCI$
so $RBI\sim SCI$
so $\measuredangle RIS=\measuredangle (IR, IS)=\measuredangle (IB, IC)=\measuredangle BIC=\measuredangle RTS$
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reni_wee
45 posts
#21 • 2 Y
Y by cursed_tangent1434, radian_51
As $I$ is the incenter of $\triangle ABC$, $\angle BCI  =\angle ACI = \alpha, \angle CBI = \angle ABI =\beta , \implies QB = QA = BR, PC = PA = CS$.
$\angle QCA = \angle QBA = \angle RQB = \angle QRB = \alpha \implies \angle TBI = \beta - \alpha$. Hence, $\angle TBC = 2\beta - \alpha$. Analogously, $\angle TCB  = 2\alpha - \beta$

$\therefore \angle BTC = \pi - (\alpha + \beta) = \angle BTC$
For $R, S, T, I $ to be concylic, $\angle RIS = \angle RTS =\angle BTC$. $i.e.$ It suffices to show that $\angle BIR = \angle SIC$

Claim: $\triangle RBI \sim \triangle SIC$
Consider $\triangle QAP$ and $\triangle IBC$.$\angle QAP = \angle BIC = \pi - (\alpha + \beta). \angle AQP = \angle ACP = \angle IBC = \beta$. Hence $\triangle QAP \sim \triangle IBC.$
$$\therefore \frac{QA}{BI} = \frac{PA}{CI}$$$$\implies \frac{RB}{BI} = \frac{SC}{CI}$$Hence $\triangle RBI \sim SIC$

$\implies \angle BIR = \angle CIS \implies \angle RTS = \angle BIC = \angle RIS. $ Which completes our proof by making $R, T, I, S$ concyclic.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by reni_wee, Apr 14, 2025, 6:39 PM
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cj13609517288
1913 posts
#22 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
Angle chase to find $\angle TBC=\frac12\angle C$ and $\angle TCB=\frac12\angle B$. Thus $\angle BTC=\angle BIC=\angle QAP$. So it suffices to show that $\angle QAP=\angle RIS$. This is a very straightforward complex bash that I did on paper (it will turn out that those two triangles are in fact similar).
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by cj13609517288, Apr 14, 2025, 6:50 PM
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Bluesoul
894 posts
#23 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
Let $\angle{ACI}=\angle{BCI}=\angle{QAB}=\angle{QRB}=\alpha; \angle{ABI}=\angle{CBI}=\angle{PAC}=\angle{PSC}=\beta$ (WLOG, $AB<AC$)

By parallel, $\angle{TBI}=\beta-\alpha; \angle{ICT}=\beta-\alpha$, implying $\angle{BTC}=\angle{BIC}$

Then we have $\angle{RBI}=360-(180-\alpha+\beta)=180+\alpha-\beta=\angle{ICS}$. To prove concyclic, we want $\angle{IRB}=\angle{ISC}$. We have $\frac{BI}{BR}=\frac{BI}{BQ}=\frac{CI}{CP}=\frac{CI}{CS}$. so $\triangle{BIR}\sim \triangle{CSI}$ and we are done.
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cursed_tangent1434
623 posts
#24 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
First note that by the Incenter-Excenter Lemma, $BR=AQ=QI$ and $CS=AP=PI$. The following claim is the essence of the problem.

Claim : Triangles $\triangle IBR$ and $\triangle ICS$ are similar.

Proof : First note that,
\[\measuredangle IBR = \measuredangle  IBA + \measuredangle  ABR = \measuredangle  IBA + \measuredangle  BCI\]and
\[\measuredangle ICS = \measuredangle ICA + \measuredangle  ACS = \measuredangle  ICA + \measuredangle  CBI\]which implies that $\measuredangle IBR = \measuredangle ICS$. Further, since clearly $\triangle IBQ \sim \triangle ICP$ we have that
\[\frac{IB}{BR} = \frac{IB}{IQ} = \frac{IC}{IP} = \frac{IC}{CS}\]which implies that $\triangle IBR \overset{+}{\sim} \triangle ICS$ and thus,
\[\measuredangle TRI = \measuredangle  BRI = \measuredangle  CSI = \measuredangle TSI\]which shows the result.
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MathLuis
1524 posts
#25 • 1 Y
Y by radian_51
Using I-E Lemma and PoP just notice that:
\[ \frac{RB}{BI}=\frac{QA}{BI}=\frac{QI}{BI}=\frac{PI}{CI}=\frac{PA}{CI}=\frac{SC}{CI} \]But also we have when $AB<AC$ that $180-\angle RBI=\angle ABI-\angle QRB=\frac{B-C}{2}$ and the similar holds for the other by an analogous process which means from SAS criteria that $\triangle IBR \sim \triangle ICS$ and thus $I$ is miquelpoint of $RBCS$ which is sufficient to finish thus we are done :cool:.
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SimplisticFormulas
114 posts
#26
Y by
solution
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NicoN9
147 posts
#27
Y by
I don't know if this is right (and I fakesolved once) but here's mine.

[asy]
/* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */
import graph; size(10cm); 
real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */
pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); /* default pen style */ 
pen dotstyle = black; /* point style */ 
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draw((4.003394857425276,-1.327626480439474)--(2.364487437137925,2.6180055834942553), linewidth(2.) + zzttqq); 
draw(circle((1.3773750664635107,-0.10520848536922311), 2.8965989879847793), linewidth(2.)); 
draw((-0.8027581497731696,1.801963467197183)--(-4.357643113088179,-2.2617093327275084), linewidth(2.)); 
draw((-4.357643113088179,-2.2617093327275084)--(-1.190397526177085,-1.4456672164304365), linewidth(2.)); 
draw((2.364487437137925,2.6180055834942553)--(-0.8027581497731696,1.801963467197183), linewidth(2.)); 
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draw(circle((0.456077495541036,-5.724273743318219), 5.929692942761119), linewidth(2.) + linetype("2 2")); 
draw(circle((1.4431898662154548,-3.0010596744547535), 3.058599066868337), linewidth(2.) + linetype("2 2")); 
draw((-4.357643113088179,-2.2617093327275084)--(2.997288057529313,-0.366708319072777), linewidth(2.)); 
draw((5.691293533522058,-2.9397142752699215)--(2.997288057529313,-0.366708319072777), linewidth(2.)); 
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dot((4.003394857425276,-1.327626480439474),dotstyle); 
label("$C$", (3.0270204407576187,-1.8795766236956868), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((1.9380676967499686,0.017238552144686836),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); 
label("$I$", (1.9012306583610468,0.2732494514135489), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((4.052386113234706,1.0059177886638084),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); 
label("$P$", (4.212062316964537,1.063277368884828), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((-0.8027581497731696,1.801963467197183),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); 
label("$Q$", (-1.17987821977694,1.8928066822296712), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((-4.357643113088179,-2.2617093327275084),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); 
label("$R$", (-4.853508036018385,-2.1955877906841987), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((5.691293533522058,-2.9397142752699215),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); 
label("$S$", (5.890871641591004,-2.9658650102186956), NE * labelscalefactor); 
dot((2.997288057529313,-0.366708319072777),linewidth(4.pt) + dotstyle); 
label("$T$", (2.790012065516235,-0.08226311144852674), NE * labelscalefactor); 
clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle); 
 /* end of picture */
[/asy]

We start by the following claim.

claim. $B, I, T, C$ are concyclic.
proof. Note that $\measuredangle ACT=\measuredangle PST=\measuredangle PSC=\measuredangle CAP=\measuredangle CBP$, and similarly $\measuredangle TBA=\measuredangle ICB$. We have\begin{align*}
\measuredangle BTC 
&= 180^\circ -(\measuredangle CBT +\measuredangle TCB)\\
&= 180^\circ -(\measuredangle CBA+\measuredangle ABT)-(\measuredangle TCA+\measuredangle ACB)\\
&= 180^\circ -(\measuredangle CBA+\measuredangle BCI)-(\measuredangle IBC+\measuredangle ACB)\\
&= \measuredangle BIC
\end{align*}as desired.

We claim that $\triangle {RIB}\sim \triangle {CTS}$. Indeed, we have $\measuredangle RBI=\measuredangle TBI=\measuredangle TCI=\measuredangle TCS$, and\[
\frac{RB}{BI}=\frac{AQ}{BI}=\frac{\sin \tfrac{1}{2}\angle C\cdot 2R}{r\cdot \tfrac{1}{\sin \tfrac{1}{2}\angle B}},
\]\[
\frac{SC}{CI} =\frac{PA}{CI} = \frac{\sin \tfrac{1}{2}\angle B\cdot 2R}{r\cdot \tfrac{1}{\sin \tfrac{1}{2}\angle C}}
\]which is the same value, where $R, r$ is the radius of circumcircle, incircle of $\triangle ABC$, respectively. Thus $\triangle {RIB}\sim \triangle {CTS}$. Now we have $\measuredangle TRI =\measuredangle BRI = \measuredangle CSI =\measuredangle TSI$ so we are done.

P.S. I forgot the fact 5 and blindly used trig :oops_sign:

edit: @below thank you for the correction, I was forgetting about those. I tried to fix it, but I don't know if it's correct still.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by NicoN9, Apr 15, 2025, 10:37 PM
Reason: fixed?
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SatisfiedMagma
458 posts
#28 • 2 Y
Y by NicoN9, S_14159
Woops, I think a simple mistake which can be patched easily, but there is no meaning of $\frac 1 2 \angle A$ when you're working with directed angles... So, @above try to patch your solution by writing your angles completely in terms of directed angles, or just use normal ones throughout the solution...
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Assassino9931
1324 posts
#29 • 2 Y
Y by NicoN9, S_14159
Fun fact: if the parallelograms are $AQBR$ and $APCS$ instead of $AQRB$ and $APSC$, the conclusion holds by essentially identical argumens! Several contestants actually solved this version of the problem. It's psychologically harder and the quadrilateral $RSTI$ is smaller in size, hence it's harder to notice things about it.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Assassino9931, Apr 16, 2025, 1:07 AM
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kotmhn
60 posts
#30 • 1 Y
Y by S_14159
Solved with Crystal MInd
Fiirst observe that $BT\parallel QA$ and $CT \parallel PA$.
Therefore we get that $\measuredangle BTC = \measuredangle QAP = 90 + \frac{A}{2} = \measuredangle BIC$.
So we get that $BTIC$ is cyclic.
Next by the first isogonality lemma we have that $\overline{AC},\overline{RC}$ are isogonal is $\angle C$ of $\triangle QBC$, therefore
$$ \measuredangle ACQ = \measuredangle BCR $$similarly
$$ \measuredangle ABP = \measuredangle CBS $$Additionally we get that
$$ \measuredangle BCS = -\measuredangle SCA - \measuredangle ACB = 180 - C + \frac{B}{2} $$Similarly
$$ \measuredangle RBC = 180 - B + \frac{C}{2} $$Now using these two relations and the ones from above, we get $RBCS$ cyclic.
Now we reim's on $BTIC$ and $RBCS$, we get that $RTIS$ cyclic.
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AshAuktober
1005 posts
#31 • 1 Y
Y by NicoN9
Sketch: Prove $\widehat{BTCI}$ by angle chase, then length chase to get $\triangle IBR \sim \triangle ICS$ (I used trig here) and finish by spiral centre stuff.
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dangerousliri
930 posts
#32 • 1 Y
Y by NicoN9
This problem was proposed by Slovakia.
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Jupiterballs
48 posts
#33
Y by
Silly, Silly little problem taking 1.15 hours
Trying to solve most of this years egmo entirely at my level is making me insane :help:
Attachments:
EGMO P4.pdf (270kb)
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ItsBesi
146 posts
#34 • 2 Y
Y by sami1618, dimi07
Nice problem took me 20 minutes (including diagram)
Also EGMO was held in my country so I heard there were some solution with homothety and spiral so I tried to avoid those.

Let the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ be $\odot (ABC)=\omega$ and WLOG $AB < AC$

Claim: $\triangle BQI \sim \triangle CPI$

Proof:
$\angle BQI \equiv \angle BQC \stackrel{\omega}{=} \angle BPC \equiv \angle CPI  \implies \angle BQI=\angle CPI$ $...(1)$
Also:
$\angle QBI \equiv \angle QBP \stackrel{\omega}{=} \angle QCP \equiv \angle PCI \implies \angle QPO =\angle PCI$ $...(2)$

Combining $(1)$ and $(2)$ we get that triangles $\triangle BQI, \triangle CPI$ are similar $\implies$
$$ \triangle BQI \sim \triangle CPI \square $$
Claim: $BR=BQ$ and $CP=CS$

Proof:

Note that $\angle QBA \stackrel{\omega}{=} \angle QCA \equiv \angle ICA = \angle ICB \equiv \angle QCB \stackrel{\omega}{=} \angle QAB \implies \angle QBA=\angle QAP \implies$
Triangle $\triangle QAB$ is an isosceles triangle $\implies QA=QB$, note that $QA=BR$ from the parallelogram so: $QB=QA=BR \implies BQ=BR$

Similarly:
$\angle PAC \stackrel{\omega}{=}\angle PBC \equiv \angle IBC =\angle IBA \equiv \angle PBA \stackrel{\omega}{=} \angle PCA \implies \angle PAC=\angle PCA \implies$
Triangle $\triangle PAC$ is an isosceles triangle $\implies PA=PC$, note that $PA=CS$ from the parallelogram so: $PC=PA=CS \implies CP=CS $ $\square$

Claim: $\triangle RBI \sim \triangle SCI$

Proof:

Note that from first claim we have that: $\frac{BI}{CI}=\frac{BQ}{CP}$ combining with previous claim we get: $\boxed{\frac{BI}{CI} = \frac{BR}{CS}}$ $...(3)$

Also:

$\angle RBI=360-\angle RBA-\angle ABI=360-\angle RBQ-\angle QBA-\frac{\angle B}{2} \stackrel{QR \parallel AB}{=} 360-\angle AQB-\angle QBA-\frac{\angle B}{2}$
$ \stackrel{\triangle BQA}{=} 180+\angle BAQ-\frac{\angle B}{2} \stackrel{\omega}{=} 180+\angle BCQ-\frac{\angle B}{2}=180+\frac{\angle C}{2}-\frac{\angle B}{2} \implies \angle RBI=180+\frac{\angle C}{2}-\frac{\angle B}{2}$

Similarly:

$\angle SCI=\angle SCA+\angle ACI=\angle SPA+\frac{\angle C}{2}=\angle SPC+\angle CPA +\frac{\angle C}{2} \stackrel{SP \parallel AB}{=} \angle PCA+\angle CPA+\frac{\angle C}{2} \stackrel{\triangle APC}{=}$
$ 180-\angle CAP + \frac{\angle C}{2} \stackrel{\omega}{=} 180-\angle CBP + \frac{\angle C}{2} \equiv 180-\frac{\angle B}{2} + \frac{\angle C}{2} \implies \angle SCI=180-\frac{\angle B}{2} + \frac{\angle C}{2}$

Hence: $\boxed{\angle RBI=\angle SCI}$ $ ...(4)$

Now by combining $(3)$ and $(4)$ we get that: Triangles $\triangle RBI, \triangle SCI$ are similar $\implies$
$$\triangle RBI \sim \triangle SCI \square$$
Claim: Points $R$, $S$, $T$, and $I$ are concyclic.

Proof:

From previous claim we found that $\triangle RBI \sim \triangle SCI$ $\implies \boxed{ \angle BRI=\angle CSI }$ $...(5)$

Finally:

$\angle  TRI \equiv \angle BRI \stackrel{(5)}{=} \angle CSI \equiv \angle TSI \implies \angle TRI =\angle TSI \implies$ Points $R$, $S$, $T$, and $I$ are concyclic. $\blacksquare$
Attachments:
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by ItsBesi, Apr 20, 2025, 10:38 AM
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ohiorizzler1434
779 posts
#35
Y by
Proposed by GeoGen
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Ihatecombin
60 posts
#36
Y by
Since $BT \parallel AQ$ and $CT \parallel AP$ it is easy to see that $\angle BTC = \angle QAP = 90 + \frac{\alpha}{2}$. It then follows that $BTIC$ is cyclic. We simply need to show that $I$ is the center of the spiral similarity taking $BC \to RS$. Since $BTIC$ is cyclic it is obvious that $\angle IBR = \angle ICS$, thus it suffices to show that
\[\frac{IB}{BR} = \frac{IC}{CS} \iff \frac{IB}{IC} = \frac{AQ}{AP}\]Which is obvious since $\triangle AQP \sim \triangle IBC$ by angle chasing.
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