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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Game
Pascual2005   27
N 9 minutes ago by HamstPan38825
Source: Colombia TST, IMO ShortList 2004, combinatorics problem 5
$A$ and $B$ play a game, given an integer $N$, $A$ writes down $1$ first, then every player sees the last number written and if it is $n$ then in his turn he writes $n+1$ or $2n$, but his number cannot be bigger than $N$. The player who writes $N$ wins. For which values of $N$ does $B$ win?

Proposed by A. Slinko & S. Marshall, New Zealand
27 replies
Pascual2005
Jun 7, 2005
HamstPan38825
9 minutes ago
Lines concur on bisector of BAC
Invertibility   2
N 2 hours ago by NO_SQUARES
Source: Slovenia 2025 TST 3 P2
Let $\Omega$ be the circumcircle of a scalene triangle $ABC$. Let $\omega$ be a circle internally tangent to $\Omega$ in $A$. Tangents from $B$ touch $\omega$ in $P$ and $Q$, such that $P$ lies in the interior of $\triangle{}ABC$. Similarly, tangents from $C$ touch $\omega$ in $R$ and $S$, such that $R$ lies in the interior of $\triangle{}ABC$.

Prove that $PS$ and $QR$ concur on the bisector of $\angle{}BAC$.
2 replies
Invertibility
2 hours ago
NO_SQUARES
2 hours ago
Why is the old one deleted?
EeEeRUT   16
N 2 hours ago by ravengsd
Source: EGMO 2025 P1
For a positive integer $N$, let $c_1 < c_2 < \cdots < c_m$ be all positive integers smaller than $N$ that are coprime to $N$. Find all $N \geqslant 3$ such that $$\gcd( N, c_i + c_{i+1}) \neq 1$$for all $1 \leqslant i \leqslant m-1$

Here $\gcd(a, b)$ is the largest positive integer that divides both $a$ and $b$. Integers $a$ and $b$ are coprime if $\gcd(a, b) = 1$.

Proposed by Paulius Aleknavičius, Lithuania
16 replies
EeEeRUT
Apr 16, 2025
ravengsd
2 hours ago
angle chasing with 2 midpoints, equal angles given and wanted
parmenides51   5
N 3 hours ago by breloje17fr
Source: Ukrainian Geometry Olympiad 2017, IX p1, X p1, XI p1
In the triangle $ABC$, ${{A}_{1}}$ and ${{C}_{1}} $ are the midpoints of sides $BC $ and $AB$ respectively. Point $P$ lies inside the triangle. Let $\angle BP {{C}_{1}} = \angle PCA$. Prove that $\angle BP {{A}_{1}} = \angle PAC $.
5 replies
parmenides51
Dec 11, 2018
breloje17fr
3 hours ago
Problem 4 of Finals
GeorgeRP   2
N 3 hours ago by Assassino9931
Source: XIII International Festival of Young Mathematicians Sozopol 2024, Theme for 10-12 grade
The diagonals \( AD \), \( BE \), and \( CF \) of a hexagon \( ABCDEF \) inscribed in a circle \( k \) intersect at a point \( P \), and the acute angle between any two of them is \( 60^\circ \). Let \( r_{AB} \) be the radius of the circle tangent to segments \( PA \) and \( PB \) and internally tangent to \( k \); the radii \( r_{BC} \), \( r_{CD} \), \( r_{DE} \), \( r_{EF} \), and \( r_{FA} \) are defined similarly. Prove that
\[
r_{AB}r_{CD} + r_{CD}r_{EF} + r_{EF}r_{AB} = r_{BC}r_{DE} + r_{DE}r_{FA} + r_{FA}r_{BC}.
\]
2 replies
GeorgeRP
Sep 10, 2024
Assassino9931
3 hours ago
Interesting functional equation with geometry
User21837561   3
N 4 hours ago by Double07
Source: BMOSL 2024 G7
For an acute triangle $ABC$, let $O$ be the circumcentre, $H$ be the orthocentre, and $G$ be the centroid.
Let $f:\pi\rightarrow\mathbb R$ satisfy the following condition:
$f(A)+f(B)+f(C)=f(O)+f(G)+f(H)$
Prove that $f$ is constant.
3 replies
User21837561
Today at 8:14 AM
Double07
4 hours ago
greatest volume
hzbrl   1
N 4 hours ago by hzbrl
Source: purple comet
A large sphere with radius 7 contains three smaller balls each with radius 3 . The three balls are each externally tangent to the other two balls and internally tangent to the large sphere. There are four right circular cones that can be inscribed in the large sphere in such a way that the bases of the cones are tangent to all three balls. Of these four cones, the one with the greatest volume has volume $n \pi$. Find $n$.
1 reply
hzbrl
Yesterday at 9:56 AM
hzbrl
4 hours ago
(n+1)2^n, (n+3)2^{n+2} not perfect squares for the same n
parmenides51   3
N 4 hours ago by AylyGayypow009
Source: Greece JBMO TST 2015 p3
Prove that there is not a positive integer $n$ such that numbers $(n+1)2^n, (n+3)2^{n+2}$ are both perfect squares.
3 replies
parmenides51
Apr 29, 2019
AylyGayypow009
4 hours ago
IMO 2010 Problem 3
canada   59
N 4 hours ago by pi271828
Find all functions $g:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{N}$ such that \[\left(g(m)+n\right)\left(g(n)+m\right)\] is a perfect square for all $m,n\in\mathbb{N}.$

Proposed by Gabriel Carroll, USA
59 replies
canada
Jul 7, 2010
pi271828
4 hours ago
Equilateral triangle formed by circle and Fermat point
Mimii08   2
N 4 hours ago by Mimii08
Source: Heard from a friend
Hi! I found this interesting geometry problem and I would really appreciate help with the proof.

Let ABC be an acute triangle, and let T be the Fermat (Torricelli) point of triangle ABC. Let A1, B1, and C1 be the feet of the perpendiculars from T to the sides BC, AC, and AB, respectively. Let ω be the circle passing through points A1, B1, and C1. Let A2, B2, and C2 be the second points where ω intersects the sides BC, AC, and AB, respectively (different from A1, B1, C1).

Prove that triangle A2B2C2 is equilateral.

2 replies
Mimii08
Yesterday at 10:36 PM
Mimii08
4 hours ago
two circumcenters and one orthocenter, vertices of parallelogram
parmenides51   4
N 4 hours ago by AylyGayypow009
Source: Greece JBMO TST 2015 p2
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle inscribed in a circle of center $O$. If the altitudes $BD,CE$ intersect at $H$ and the circumcenter of $\triangle BHC$ is $O_1$, prove that $AHO_1O$ is a parallelogram.
4 replies
parmenides51
Apr 29, 2019
AylyGayypow009
4 hours ago
m^4+3^m is a perfect square number
Havu   5
N 4 hours ago by MR.1
Find a positive integer m such that $m^4+3^m$ is a perfect square number.
5 replies
Havu
6 hours ago
MR.1
4 hours ago
Determine all the 'good' numbers
April   4
N 5 hours ago by DottedCaculator
Source: CGMO 2004 P1
We say a positive integer $ n$ is good if there exists a permutation $ a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ of $ 1, 2, \ldots, n$ such that $ k + a_k$ is perfect square for all $ 1\le k\le n$. Determine all the good numbers in the set $ \{11, 13, 15, 17, 19\}$.
4 replies
April
Dec 27, 2008
DottedCaculator
5 hours ago
Classical factorial number theory
Orestis_Lignos   21
N 5 hours ago by MIC38
Source: JBMO 2023 Problem 1
Find all pairs $(a,b)$ of positive integers such that $a!+b$ and $b!+a$ are both powers of $5$.

Nikola Velov, North Macedonia
21 replies
Orestis_Lignos
Jun 26, 2023
MIC38
5 hours ago
Quadratic concurrence in circumscribed quad
62861   11
N Sep 16, 2024 by SomeonesPenguin
Source: IOM 2018 #2, Géza Kós
A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ is circumscribed about a circle $\omega$. Let $PQ$ be the diameter of $\omega$ perpendicular to $AC$. Suppose lines $BP$ and $DQ$ intersect at point $X$, and lines $BQ$ and $DP$ intersect at point $Y$. Show that the points $X$ and $Y$ lie on the line $AC$.

Géza Kós
11 replies
62861
Sep 6, 2018
SomeonesPenguin
Sep 16, 2024
Quadratic concurrence in circumscribed quad
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: IOM 2018 #2, Géza Kós
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62861
3564 posts
#1 • 3 Y
Y by aopsuser305, Adventure10, Mango247
A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ is circumscribed about a circle $\omega$. Let $PQ$ be the diameter of $\omega$ perpendicular to $AC$. Suppose lines $BP$ and $DQ$ intersect at point $X$, and lines $BQ$ and $DP$ intersect at point $Y$. Show that the points $X$ and $Y$ lie on the line $AC$.

Géza Kós
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rmtf1111
698 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Suppose that P is closer to D. Let I1, I2, J1, J2 be the incircle of ACD, incircle of ACB, D-excircle of ACD and B-excircle of ACB, respectively, by 2017G7, J1, J2 and AC are concurrent at U, and I1, I2 and AC are also concurrent. By homothety, D, P, U are colinear, so done.
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MarkBcc168
1595 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $\omega$ touches $AB, BC, CD, DA$ at $E, F, G, H$ respectively. Clearly $EH, FG, BD, PQ$ are concurrent at pole $T$ of $AC$. Let $BX, DX$ intersect $\omega$ at $U, V$ respectively. Notice that
$$(EF;PU) = -1 = (GH;QV)$$so projecting through $T$, points $U, V, T$ are colinear. Hence by Brokard's theorem we can conclude that $X=PU\cap QV$ lies on polar of $T$ w.r.t. $\omega$.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by MarkBcc168, Sep 6, 2018, 9:56 AM
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MilosMilicev
241 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $M,N,R,S$ be the tangency points on $AB,BC,CD,DA,$ respectively. Well-known that $MS, RN, PQ$ concur (at $E, AC$ is polar of $E$, $B,D,E$ are also collinear because $BD$ is a radical axis of the circles $MIS,RIN$...). Also $AC,MP,QS$ concur and also $AC,MQ,PS$ because of well-known properties of the
cyclic quadrilateral $MQPS$. The end follows by Desargues on $\Delta BQM,\Delta DPS$ and on $\Delta BPM,\Delta DQS$.
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by MilosMilicev, Sep 7, 2018, 2:02 PM
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anantmudgal09
1980 posts
#5 • 4 Y
Y by Wizard_32, mmathss, RodSalgDomPort, Adventure10
Notice that $P$ is the top-point of $\odot(I)$ and $\odot(I)$ is similar to incircle of $\triangle ABC$ under dilation at $B$. Consequently, line $\overline{BP}$ passes through the touch-point of $B$-excircle on $\overline{AC}$. Likewise line $\overline{BQ}$ passes through $B$-intouch point on $\overline{AC}$. Finally, remark that $AB-BC=AD-DC$; concluding the proof.
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FISHMJ25
293 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
MarkBcc168 wrote:
Let $\omega$ touches $AB, BC, CD, DA$ at $E, F, G, H$ respectively. Clearly $EH, FG, BD, PQ$ are concurrent at pole $T$ of $AC$. Let $BX, DX$ intersect $\omega$ at $U, V$ respectively. Notice that
$$(EF;PU) = -1 = (GH;QV)$$so projecting through $T$, points $U, V, T$ are colinear. Hence by Brokard's theorem we can conclude that $X=PU\cap QV$ lies on polar of $T$ w.r.t. $\omega$.


Can you use perspectivity like that? I think that you have to have point $T$ on the circle ?
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rmtf1111
698 posts
#7 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
FISHMJ25 wrote:
MarkBcc168 wrote:
Let $\omega$ touches $AB, BC, CD, DA$ at $E, F, G, H$ respectively. Clearly $EH, FG, BD, PQ$ are concurrent at pole $T$ of $AC$. Let $BX, DX$ intersect $\omega$ at $U, V$ respectively. Notice that
$$(EF;PU) = -1 = (GH;QV)$$so projecting through $T$, points $U, V, T$ are colinear. Hence by Brokard's theorem we can conclude that $X=PU\cap QV$ lies on polar of $T$ w.r.t. $\omega$.


Can you use perspectivity like that? I think that you have to have point $T$ on the circle ?

Yes you can, and no, $T$ does not have to be on circle if you project from circle to the same circle
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FISHMJ25
293 posts
#9 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
rmtf1111 wrote:
FISHMJ25 wrote:
MarkBcc168 wrote:
Let $\omega$ touches $AB, BC, CD, DA$ at $E, F, G, H$ respectively. Clearly $EH, FG, BD, PQ$ are concurrent at pole $T$ of $AC$. Let $BX, DX$ intersect $\omega$ at $U, V$ respectively. Notice that
$$(EF;PU) = -1 = (GH;QV)$$so projecting through $T$, points $U, V, T$ are colinear. Hence by Brokard's theorem we can conclude that $X=PU\cap QV$ lies on polar of $T$ w.r.t. $\omega$.


Can you use perspectivity like that? I think that you have to have point $T$ on the circle ?

Yes you can, and no, $T$ does not have to be on circle if you project from circle to the same circle
My mistake , you just fix circle with inversion and thats it.
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TheUltimate123
1740 posts
#10
Y by
Solved with Jeffrey Chen, Max Lu, and Raymond Feng.

Without loss of generality \(P\) is on the same side of \(\overline{AC}\) as \(B\), and \(Q\) is one the same side of \(\overline{AC}\) as \(D\).

Let the incircles of \(\triangle ABC\) and \(\triangle ADC\) touch \(\overline{AC}\) at a common point \(T\) by Pitot. Then since \(\overline{PP}\parallel\overline{QQ}\parallel\overline{AC}\), by homothety we have \(B\), \(T\), \(Q\) are collinear Analogously \(D\), \(T\), \(P\) are collinear, so \(T=\overline{BQ}\cap\overline{DP}\in\overline{AC}\).

Analogously \(\overline{BP}\cap\overline{DQ}\in\overline{AC}\), as desired.
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Jalil_Huseynov
439 posts
#11 • 1 Y
Y by farhad.fritl
Let $AB,BC,CD,DA$ touch to $\omega$ at $X,Y,Z,T$. Let $K=TX\cap YZ, R=AC\cap PQ, F=QC\cap AD, G=PC\cap AB$.
At first not that all poles and polars are taken wrt $\omega$.It's well-known that $K\in BD$. $RITX,RIYZ, TXYZ$ are cyclic, so from Radical Axis theroem $K\in PQ$. $K$ lies on polar of $A$ and $C$, so from La-Hire we get $AC$ is polar of $K$. Applying Brokard's theorem on $PQXT$, gives that $TQ, XP,AC$ are concurrent. Since $TQ\cap XP, TF\cap XG, FQ\cap GP$ are collinear, we get triangles $TFQ$ and $XGP$ are perspective. So $TX, FG, QP$ are concurrent, i.e $K,F,G$ are collinear. So $DBA$ and $QPC$ are perspective $\implies DQ\cap BP\in AC \implies X\in AC$.
Since $AC$ is polar of $K$, $(K,R;P,Q)=-1$. Projecting it to $AC$ through $D$ and $B$ gives that $(BD\cap AC,R;DP\cap AC,X)=-1$ and $(BD\cap AC,R; BQ\cap AC,X)=-1$, respectively. So $BQ\cap AC\equiv DP\cap BC \implies Y\in AC$. So we are done.
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VicKmath7
1389 posts
#12
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It is easy to see, using the length condition, that the incircles in $\triangle ACD$ and $\triangle ABC$ touch at a point $X$ on $AC$. Notice that the tangent at $Q$ to $\omega$ is parallel to $AC$, so the homothety at $D$ taking the incircle of $\triangle ACD$ to $\omega$ takes $X$ to $Q$, so $X$ lies $DQ$. Similarly $X$ lies on $BP$. The same approach can be applied for $Y$ - the common point of the excircles of the two triangles.
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SomeonesPenguin
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#13
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Here is a simple solution using Pascal and pole-polar duality. :D

Setup

The condition is equivalent to proving that the pole of $AC$ lies on the polar of $X$. It is well know that the pole of $AC$ is $M$. Now notice that $QQ$ is the polar of $Q$ and $HG$ is the polar of $D$, hence $QQ\cap GH=\{T\}$ lies on the polar of $X$ and similarly, $PP\cap EF=\{S\}$ lies on the polar of $X$. Therefore it suffices to prove that $M$, $S$ and $T$ are collinear.

Note that since $AC$ is the polar of $M$, we have that $M$, $P$ and $Q$ are collinear by Brokard. Pascal on $QFGPHE$ gives $I$, $J$ and $M$ collinear and Pascal on $QQFGHP$ gives $T$, $I$ and $M$ collinear, hence $T$ lies on $\overline{M-I-J}$. We can similarly deduce that $S$ lies on $\overline{M-I-J}$, therefore $\overline{M-S-T}$. $\blacksquare$
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