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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
Where are the Circles?
luminescent   43
N 38 minutes ago by Amkan2022
Source: EGMO 2022/1
Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle in which $BC<AB$ and $BC<CA$. Let point $P$ lie on segment $AB$ and point $Q$ lie on segment $AC$ such that $P \neq B$, $Q \neq C$ and $BQ = BC = CP$. Let $T$ be the circumcenter of triangle $APQ$, $H$ the orthocenter of triangle $ABC$, and $S$ the point of intersection of the lines $BQ$ and $CP$. Prove that $T$, $H$, and $S$ are collinear.
43 replies
luminescent
Apr 9, 2022
Amkan2022
38 minutes ago
Divisibilty...
Sadigly   0
an hour ago
Source: Azerbaijan Junior NMO 2025 P2
Find all $4$ consecutive even numbers, such that the square of their product divides the sum of their squares.
0 replies
Sadigly
an hour ago
0 replies
Quadratic system
juckter   35
N 2 hours ago by shendrew7
Source: Mexico National Olympiad 2011 Problem 3
Let $n$ be a positive integer. Find all real solutions $(a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n)$ to the system:

\[a_1^2 + a_1 - 1 = a_2\]\[ a_2^2 + a_2 - 1 = a_3\]\[\hspace*{3.3em} \vdots \]\[a_{n}^2 + a_n - 1 = a_1\]
35 replies
juckter
Jun 22, 2014
shendrew7
2 hours ago
IMO Shortlist 2012, Geometry 3
lyukhson   75
N 3 hours ago by numbertheory97
Source: IMO Shortlist 2012, Geometry 3
In an acute triangle $ABC$ the points $D,E$ and $F$ are the feet of the altitudes through $A,B$ and $C$ respectively. The incenters of the triangles $AEF$ and $BDF$ are $I_1$ and $I_2$ respectively; the circumcenters of the triangles $ACI_1$ and $BCI_2$ are $O_1$ and $O_2$ respectively. Prove that $I_1I_2$ and $O_1O_2$ are parallel.
75 replies
1 viewing
lyukhson
Jul 29, 2013
numbertheory97
3 hours ago
Another integral limit
RobertRogo   2
N Today at 4:02 PM by Gauler
Source: "Traian Lalescu" student contest 2025, Section A, Problem 3
Let $f \colon [0, \infty) \to \mathbb{R}$ be a function differentiable at 0 with $f(0) = 0$. Find
$$\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{1}{n} \int_{2^n}^{2^{n+1}} f\left(\frac{\ln x}{x}\right) dx$$
2 replies
1 viewing
RobertRogo
Yesterday at 2:28 PM
Gauler
Today at 4:02 PM
Numerical methods problems
jjfgtuuu   0
Today at 3:18 PM
Given that $x_1 = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$, $x_2 = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}$, $x_3 = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{8}}$, $x_4 = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{10}}$.
Find the approximate value of $\mathrm{A} = \sum\limits_{i=1}^{4}x_i $ and its absolute and relative error, known that its absolute error is equal or lower than $10^{-5}.$
0 replies
jjfgtuuu
Today at 3:18 PM
0 replies
Group Theory
Stephen123980   2
N Today at 2:23 PM by BadAtMath23
Let G be a group of order $45.$ If G has a normal subgroup of order $9,$ then prove that $G$ is abelian without using Sylow Theorems.
2 replies
Stephen123980
Yesterday at 5:32 PM
BadAtMath23
Today at 2:23 PM
Double integrals
fermion13pi   0
Today at 1:58 PM
Source: Apostol, vol 2
Evaluate the double integral by converting to polar coordinates:

\[
\int_0^1 \int_{x^2}^x (x^2 + y^2)^{-1/2} \, dy \, dx
\]
Change the order of integration and then convert to polar coordinates.

0 replies
fermion13pi
Today at 1:58 PM
0 replies
D1028 : A strange result about linear algebra
Dattier   0
Today at 1:49 PM
Source: les dattes à Dattier
Let $p>3$ a prime number, with $H \subset M_p(\mathbb R), \dim(H)\geq 2$ and $H-\{0\} \subset GL_p(\mathbb R)$, $H$ vector space.

Is it true that $H-\{0\}$ is a group?
0 replies
Dattier
Today at 1:49 PM
0 replies
Preparing for Putnam level entrance examinations
Cats_on_a_computer   4
N Today at 1:16 PM by Cats_on_a_computer
Non American high schooler in the equivalent of grade 12 here. Where I live, two the best undergraduates program in the country accepts students based on a common entrance exam. The first half of the exam is “screening”, with 4 options being presented per question, each of which one has to assign a True or False. This first half is about the difficulty of an average AIME, or JEE Adv paper, and it is a requirement for any candidate to achieve at least 24/40 on this half for the examiners to even consider grading the second part. The second part consists of long form questions, and I have, no joke, seen them literally rip off, verbatim, Putnam A6s. Some of the problems are generally standard textbook problems in certain undergrad courses but obviously that doesn’t translate it to being doable for high school students. I’ve effectively got to prepare for a slightly nerfed Putnam, if you will, and so I’ve been looking for resources (not just problems) for Putnam level questions. Does anyone have any suggestions?
4 replies
Cats_on_a_computer
Yesterday at 8:32 AM
Cats_on_a_computer
Today at 1:16 PM
Marginal Profit
NC4723   1
N Today at 10:09 AM by Juno_34
Please help me solve this
1 reply
NC4723
Dec 11, 2015
Juno_34
Today at 10:09 AM
Romania NMO 2023 Grade 11 P1
DanDumitrescu   15
N Today at 5:46 AM by anudeep
Source: Romania National Olympiad 2023
Determine twice differentiable functions $f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ which verify relation

\[
    \left( f'(x) \right)^2 + f''(x) \leq 0, \forall x \in \mathbb{R}.
    \]
15 replies
DanDumitrescu
Apr 14, 2023
anudeep
Today at 5:46 AM
Subset Ordered Pairs of {1, 2, ..., 10}
ahaanomegas   11
N Today at 5:27 AM by cappucher
Source: Putnam 1990 A6
If $X$ is a finite set, let $X$ denote the number of elements in $X$. Call an ordered pair $(S,T)$ of subsets of $ \{ 1, 2, \cdots, n \} $ $ \emph {admissible} $ if $ s > |T| $ for each $ s \in S $, and $ t > |S| $ for each $ t \in T $. How many admissible ordered pairs of subsets $ \{ 1, 2, \cdots, 10 \} $ are there? Prove your answer.
11 replies
ahaanomegas
Jul 12, 2013
cappucher
Today at 5:27 AM
Putnam 2000 B4
ahaanomegas   6
N Today at 1:53 AM by mqoi_KOLA
Let $f(x)$ be a continuous function such that $f(2x^2-1)=2xf(x)$ for all $x$. Show that $f(x)=0$ for $-1\le x \le 1$.
6 replies
ahaanomegas
Sep 6, 2011
mqoi_KOLA
Today at 1:53 AM
Line through orthocenter
juckter   14
N Apr 28, 2025 by lpieleanu
Source: Mexico National Olympiad 2011 Problem 2
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle and $\Gamma$ its circumcircle. Let $l$ be the line tangent to $\Gamma$ at $A$. Let $D$ and $E$ be the intersections of the circumference with center $B$ and radius $AB$ with lines $l$ and $AC$, respectively. Prove the orthocenter of $ABC$ lies on line $DE$.
14 replies
juckter
Jun 22, 2014
lpieleanu
Apr 28, 2025
Source: Mexico National Olympiad 2011 Problem 2
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juckter
323 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle and $\Gamma$ its circumcircle. Let $l$ be the line tangent to $\Gamma$ at $A$. Let $D$ and $E$ be the intersections of the circumference with center $B$ and radius $AB$ with lines $l$ and $AC$, respectively. Prove the orthocenter of $ABC$ lies on line $DE$.
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shinichiman
3212 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $BL$ be the altitude of triangle $ABC$ with circumcenter $O$. Hence $BC^2-AB^2=LC^2-LA^2$.
By Power of a Point, we have $CE \cdot CA=CB^2-AB^2=LC^2-LA^2$. It follows that $LE=LA$ or $L$ is midpoint of $AE$.
$BL \cap DE=H'$. Since $L$ is the midpoint of $AE$ then $H'AE$ is isosceles triangle with $H'A=H'E$. We also have \[\angle H'EA= \frac{ \angle ABD}{2}= 90^{\circ}- \angle DAB= \angle BAO.\]
It follows that $\triangle H'AE \sim \triangle AOB \; ( \text{A.A})$. Let $X$ be the midpoint of $AB$ then $OX \perp AB$. Hence $\frac{AE}{AB}= \frac{H'L}{OX}$ or $\frac{AL}{AB}= \frac{H'L}{2OX}$.
Let $H$ be the othorcenter of triangle $ABC$. We have $H \in BL$ and $\frac{AL}{AB}= \frac{HL}{HC}= \frac{HL}{2OX}$. Thus, $LH=LH'$. We also have $H,H'$ are between $B$ and $L$ so $H \equiv H'$. That means $H \in DE$. $\blacksquare$
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nima1376
111 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
please give a picture for problem
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wiseman
216 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Another way:

Lemma : Line d passes through the orthocenter of triangle ABC if and only if the

intersection point of the reflections of d about segments AB and AC lies on the

circumcircle of triangle ABC.

Let the other intersection point of circles Γ and W(B,AB) be P.

→ AB = BE ⇒ ∠ABE = 180 - 2∠BAC ⇒ ∠ADE = 90 - ∠BAC ⇒ ∠AED = 90 - ∠ACB

⇒ ∠AED = 90 - ∠ACB (*)

→ ∠EBC = ∠ABC - 180 + 2∠BAC = ∠BAC - ∠ACB

→ ∠ABO = ∠OBP ⇒ 90 - ∠ACB = 90 - ∠BAC + ∠CBP ⇒ ∠CBP = ∠BAC - ∠ACB

⇒ ∠CBP = ∠EBC ⇒ BC ⊥ PE ⇒ ∠CEP = 90 - ∠ACB = ∠AED

⇒ PE is the reflection of DE about AC.

→ Let L be the intersection point of DE and AB : ∠ALE = 180 - (∠BAC + 90 - ∠ACB)

⇒ ∠ALE = 90 - ∠BAC + ∠ACB = ∠BPE ⇒ ∠BLP = ∠BEP = ∠BPE = ∠ALE

⇒ PL is the reflection of DE about AB.

⇒ By the lemma, DE passes through the orthocenter of triangle ABC.
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jayme
9792 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Dear Mathlinkers,
you can se my proof on
http://perso.orange.fr/jl.ayme vol. 18 Regard 1, p. 6-8
Sincerely
Jean-Louis
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tobash_co
87 posts
#6 • 3 Y
Y by AlastorMoody, Adventure10, Mango247
Let $H$ be the orthocenter of $\bigtriangleup ABC$. Then $BH$ is the perpendicular bisector of $AE$, thus \[\angle AEH=\angle HAC=90^\circ-\angle C=90^\circ-\angle DAB=\frac{\angle DBA}{2}=\angle AED\] Since $\angle C>90^\circ$, clearly $D, B$ and $B,H$ lie on the same side of $AC$. Thus so does $D,H$, and so $D,H,E$ are collinear.
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Euler365
143 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $H$ be the orthocentre of $\triangle ABC$.
It follows by simple angle chasing that $\angle ADB = C = 180 - \angle AHB$. So quadrilateral $AHBD$ is cyclic $\implies \angle AHD = \angle ABD = 180 - 2C$. Also $\angle AHE = 2C$. So $\angle AHD + \angle AHE = 180$ which means that $D , E , H$ are collinear as desired.
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PCChess
548 posts
#8
Y by
We will use directed angles.

Construct $(BEC)$, and let $F$ be the intersection of $(BEC)$ and $DE$. Note that $\measuredangle DFB=\measuredangle ECB=\measuredangle DAB$, so $F, D, B, A$ are concyclic. I claim that $F$ is the desired orthocenter. To prove this, I will first show that $BF \perp AC$ and then $AF \perp BC$.

Let $G$ be the intersection of $BF$ and $AC$. Now, $\measuredangle DEA=\frac{1}{2}\measuredangle DBA=90-\measuredangle BAD$ and $\measuredangle GFE=\measuredangle BCE$. But, $\measuredangle BAD=\measuredangle BCE$, so $\measuredangle DEA+\measuredangle GFE=90$ and hence $BF \perp AC$.

Then, $\measuredangle ACB=\measuredangle DAB=\measuredangle BDF+\measuredangle FDA=\measuredangle BAF+\measuredangle FBA=\measuredangle GFA$. Since $\measuredangle GFA+\measuredangle FAG=90$, then $\measuredangle ACB+\measuredangle FAG=90$ and it follows that $AF \perp BC$. This means that $F$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$. Since $F$ lies on $DE$ we're done.
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L567
1184 posts
#9
Y by
Simple one..

Let $X,Y$ be projections of $B$ onto $AD, AC$ and let $H$ be the orthocenter and $N$ be midpoint of $AH$. Obviously, $BXAY$ is cyclic.

So, $\angle XYB = \angle XAB = \angle ACB = \angle AHY = \angle NYH$ and so $X,N,Y$ are collinear and so since $X,N,Y$ are midpoints of $AD,AH,AE$ respectively, $D,H,E$ are collinear, as desired
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hakN
429 posts
#10
Y by
$\angle BHC = 180 - \angle A = 180 - \angle BEA = \angle BEC \implies BHEC$ is cyclic.
Also $\angle DEB = 90 - \frac{1}{2}\angle DBE = 90 - \frac{1}{2}(\angle DBA + \angle ABE) = 90 - \frac{1}{2}(360 - 2\angle C - 2\angle A) = 90 - \angle B$.
But from $BHEC$ being cyclic, we also know that $\angle HEB = \angle HCB = 90 - \angle B$.
Thus $\angle DEB = \angle HEB \implies D,H,E$ are collinear.$\square$
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JuanDelPan
122 posts
#11 • 1 Y
Y by MarioLuigi8972
Bruh what

Complex Bash
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by JuanDelPan, Nov 24, 2022, 3:22 AM
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john0512
4187 posts
#12
Y by
Let $\angle A=\alpha$ etc.

Claim: $AHBD$ is cyclic. We have $$\angle ADB=\angle DAB=\gamma,$$$\angle AHM=\angle ACB=\gamma.$

This means that $$\angle BDE=\angle BED=\angle BAH=90-\beta.$$Thus, if $M$ is the foot from $B$ to $AC$ (also the midpoint of $AE$), $$\angle HEM=\alpha+\beta-90\rightarrow \angle MHE=\gamma.$$Since $$\angle DHB=\angle DAB=\gamma,$$we have $$\angle DHB=\angle MHE,$$hence done.
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lelouchvigeo
182 posts
#13
Y by
Almost direct
Let $DE$ intersect the altitude of $A$ at $H'$
$A,H',B,D$ are concyclic, since $\angle BDE = \angle BDH'= \angle BAH'$ . It implies $H'=H$
We are done
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Ilikeminecraft
627 posts
#14
Y by
Let $A, D, E$ be $a, d, e$ such that they lie on the unit circle, where $B$ is the origin. Let $O,$ the circumcenter of $(ABC),$ be $o.$ We have that $o + \overline o a^2 = a,$ and $o - \overline o ad = a - d.$ Hence, $\overline o = \frac d{a(a + d)} \implies o = \frac{a^2}{a + d}.$ To compute $C,$ we can drop an altitude from $O$ to $\overline{AE}.$ Thus, we get that $c = \frac{a^2 + ea}{a + d}.$ We can now compute the orthocenter by shifting $(ABC)$ to the unit circle through the function $\tau\colon\alpha\to|a + d|(\alpha - \frac{a^2}{a + d}).$ We get that the orthocenter of $\tau(A)\tau(B)\tau(C)$ is $|a + d|(\frac{ea + ad - a^2}{a + d}),$ and hence the orthocenter of $ABC$ is $h = \frac{ea + ad}{a + d}.$ Clearly, $\overline h = \frac{d + e}{(a + d)e}.$ We see that
\begin{align*}
	h + ed \overline h = \frac{a(e + d)}{a + d} + \frac{d(e + d)}{a + d} = e + d
\end{align*}and hence, $E,D, H$ are collinear.
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lpieleanu
3001 posts
#15
Y by
Solution
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N Quick Reply
G
H
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a