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Parallelograms and concyclicity
Lukaluce   28
N 25 minutes ago by Jupiterballs
Source: EGMO 2025 P4
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with incentre $I$ and $AB \neq AC$. Let lines $BI$ and $CI$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P \neq B$ and $Q \neq C$, respectively. Consider points $R$ and $S$ such that $AQRB$ and $ACSP$ are parallelograms (with $AQ \parallel RB, AB \parallel QR, AC \parallel SP$, and $AP \parallel CS$). Let $T$ be the point of intersection of lines $RB$ and $SC$. Prove that points $R, S, T$, and $I$ are concyclic.
28 replies
Lukaluce
Apr 14, 2025
Jupiterballs
25 minutes ago
Hard Polynomial
ZeltaQN2008   1
N 32 minutes ago by kiyoras_2001
Source: IDK
Let ?(?) be a polynomial with integer coefficients. Suppose there exist infinitely many integer pairs (?,?) such that
?(?) + ?(?) = 0. Prove that the graph of ?(?) is symmetric about a point (i.e., it has a center of symmetry).






1 reply
ZeltaQN2008
Apr 16, 2025
kiyoras_2001
32 minutes ago
Arrangement of integers in a row with gcd
egxa   1
N 42 minutes ago by Rohit-2006
Source: All Russian 2025 10.5 and 11.5
Let \( n \) be a natural number. The numbers \( 1, 2, \ldots, n \) are written in a row in some order. For each pair of adjacent numbers, their greatest common divisor (GCD) is calculated and written on a sheet. What is the maximum possible number of distinct values among the \( n - 1 \) GCDs obtained?
1 reply
egxa
3 hours ago
Rohit-2006
42 minutes ago
Grasshoppers facing in four directions
Stuttgarden   2
N an hour ago by biomathematics
Source: Spain MO 2025 P5
Let $S$ be a finite set of cells in a square grid. On each cell of $S$ we place a grasshopper. Each grasshopper can face up, down, left or right. A grasshopper arrangement is Asturian if, when each grasshopper moves one cell forward in the direction in which it faces, each cell of $S$ still contains one grasshopper.
[list]
[*] Prove that, for every set $S$, the number of Asturian arrangements is a perfect square.
[*] Compute the number of Asturian arrangements if $S$ is the following set:
2 replies
Stuttgarden
Mar 31, 2025
biomathematics
an hour ago
Number Theory
Fasih   0
an hour ago
Find all integer solutions of the equation $x^{3} + 2 ^{\text{y}}   = p^{2}$ for all x, y $\ge$ 0, where $p$ is the prime number.

author @Fasih
0 replies
Fasih
an hour ago
0 replies
Polynomial functional equation
Fishheadtailbody   1
N an hour ago by Sadigly
Source: MACMO
P(x) is a polynomial with real coefficients such that
P(x)^2 - 1 = 4 P(x^2 - 4x + 1).
Find P(x).

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1 reply
1 viewing
Fishheadtailbody
2 hours ago
Sadigly
an hour ago
Bijection on the set of integers
talkon   19
N 2 hours ago by AN1729
Source: InfinityDots MO 2 Problem 2
Determine all bijections $f:\mathbb Z\to\mathbb Z$ satisfying
$$f^{f(m+n)}(mn) = f(m)f(n)$$for all integers $m,n$.

Note: $f^0(n)=n$, and for any positive integer $k$, $f^k(n)$ means $f$ applied $k$ times to $n$, and $f^{-k}(n)$ means $f^{-1}$ applied $k$ times to $n$.

Proposed by talkon
19 replies
talkon
Apr 9, 2018
AN1729
2 hours ago
Number Theory
TUAN2k8   1
N 2 hours ago by Roger.Moore
Find all positve integers m such that $m+1 | 3^m+1$
1 reply
TUAN2k8
5 hours ago
Roger.Moore
2 hours ago
D1020 : A strange result of number theory
Dattier   0
2 hours ago
Source: les dattes à Dattier
Let $x>1,n \in \mathbb N^*$ with $\gcd(E(x\times 10^n),E(x \times 10^{n+1}))=1 $ and $p=E(x\times 10^n)$ prime number.

Is it true that $\forall m \in\mathbb N,m>n, \gcd(p,E(10^m\times x))=1$?

PS : $E$ is the function integer part, hence $E(1.9)=1$.
0 replies
Dattier
2 hours ago
0 replies
Continuity of function and line segment of integer length
egxa   1
N 2 hours ago by tonykuncheng
Source: All Russian 2025 11.8
Let \( f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} \) be a continuous function. A chord is defined as a segment of integer length, parallel to the x-axis, whose endpoints lie on the graph of \( f \). It is known that the graph of \( f \) contains exactly \( N \) chords, one of which has length 2025. Find the minimum possible value of \( N \).
1 reply
egxa
3 hours ago
tonykuncheng
2 hours ago
Polynomial x-axis angle
egxa   1
N 2 hours ago by Fishheadtailbody
Source: All Russian 2025 9.5
Let \( P_1(x) \) and \( P_2(x) \) be monic quadratic trinomials, and let \( A_1 \) and \( A_2 \) be the vertices of the parabolas \( y = P_1(x) \) and \( y = P_2(x) \), respectively. Let \( m(g(x)) \) denote the minimum value of the function \( g(x) \). It is known that the differences \( m(P_1(P_2(x))) - m(P_1(x)) \) and \( m(P_2(P_1(x))) - m(P_2(x)) \) are equal positive numbers. Find the angle between the line \( A_1A_2 \) and the $x$-axis.
1 reply
egxa
3 hours ago
Fishheadtailbody
2 hours ago
A Segment Bisection Problem
buratinogigle   4
N Today at 4:53 AM by buratinogigle
Source: VN Math Olympiad For High School Students P9 - 2025
In triangle $ABC$, let the incircle $\omega$ touch sides $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$, respectively. Let $P$ lie on the line through $D$ perpendicular to $BC$. Let $Q, R$ be the intersections of $PC, PB$ with $EF$, respectively. Let $K, L$ be the projections of $R, Q$ onto line $BC$. Let $M, N$ be the second intersections of $DQ, DR$ with the incircle $\omega$. Let $S$ be the intersection of $KM$ and $LN$. Prove that the line $DS$ bisects segment $QR$.
4 replies
buratinogigle
Apr 16, 2025
buratinogigle
Today at 4:53 AM
A Segment Bisection Problem
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Source: VN Math Olympiad For High School Students P9 - 2025
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buratinogigle
2343 posts
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In triangle $ABC$, let the incircle $\omega$ touch sides $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$, respectively. Let $P$ lie on the line through $D$ perpendicular to $BC$. Let $Q, R$ be the intersections of $PC, PB$ with $EF$, respectively. Let $K, L$ be the projections of $R, Q$ onto line $BC$. Let $M, N$ be the second intersections of $DQ, DR$ with the incircle $\omega$. Let $S$ be the intersection of $KM$ and $LN$. Prove that the line $DS$ bisects segment $QR$.
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Giabach298
34 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by buratinogigle
buratinogigle wrote:
In triangle $ABC$, let the incircle $\omega$ touch sides $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$, respectively. Let $P$ lie on the line through $D$ perpendicular to $BC$. Let $Q, R$ be the intersections of $PC, PB$ with $EF$, respectively. Let $K, L$ be the projections of $R, Q$ onto line $BC$. Let $M, N$ be the second intersections of $DQ, DR$ with the incircle $\omega$. Let $S$ be the intersection of $KM$ and $LN$. Prove that the line $DS$ bisects segment $QR$.

This is my solution during the test :D
Let \( EF \) cut \( BC \) at \( T \). Note that \( (BC, DT) = -1 \), then \( D(TP, QR) = P(TD, QR) = P(TD, CB) = -1 \), therefore \( DT \) is the external bisector of angle \( RDQ \), which also implies that \( DM = DN \), so we get \( MN \parallel BC \).
We have \( D(TS, QR) = D(TS, MN) = \dfrac{DL}{DK} = \dfrac{DQ}{DR} = \dfrac{TQ}{TR} \).
Therefore, \( DS \) bisects \( QR \).
This problem will work with any $M$ and $N$ lie on $DQ$, $DR$ satisfy $MN \parallel BC$.
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aidenkim119
32 posts
#4
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Why is $DT$ the external bisector?
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AGCN
1 post
#5
Y by
用调和,然后表达一下比例
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buratinogigle
2343 posts
#6
Y by
Here is the official solution of mine.

Disregard the simple case when $EF \parallel BC$. Assume that $EF$ intersects $BC$ at $G$. Applying Menelaus’ Theorem to triangle $PBC$ with collinear points $G, Q, R$, we have
\[
\frac{GB}{GC} \cdot \frac{QC}{QP} \cdot \frac{RP}{RB} = 1,
\]which is equivalent (as a consequence of Thales' Theorem) to
\[
\frac{DB}{DC} \cdot \frac{LC}{LD} \cdot \frac{KD}{KB} = 1,
\]or
\[
\frac{LD}{KD} = \frac{DB}{KB} \cdot \frac{LC}{DC} = \frac{DP}{RK} \cdot \frac{QL}{DP} = \frac{QL}{RK}.
\]From this, the two right triangles $\triangle DKR$ and $\triangle DLQ$ are similar. As a consequence, $\angle RDK = \angle QDL$, which implies $MN \parallel KL$. Let $T$ be the midpoint of $QR$. From the similarity of triangles $DKR$ and $DLQ$, and by applying the trigonometric form of Ceva's Theorem, we obtain
\[
\frac{\sin\angle QDT}{\sin\angle RDT} \cdot \frac{\sin\angle LND}{\sin\angle LNM} \cdot \frac{\sin\angle KMN}{\sin\angle KMD} = \frac{DR}{DQ} \cdot \frac{\sin\angle LND}{\sin\angle NLD} \cdot \frac{\sin\angle MKD}{\sin\angle KMD} = \frac{DR}{DQ} \cdot \frac{DL}{DN} \cdot \frac{DM}{DK} = 1.
\]Thus, the lines $DT$, $KM$, and $LN$ are concurrent.
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