Difference between revisions of "2019 AIME I Problems/Problem 14"
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Find the least odd prime factor of <math>2019^8+1</math>. | Find the least odd prime factor of <math>2019^8+1</math>. | ||
− | ==Solution== | + | ==Solution 1== |
The problem tells us that <math>2019^8 \equiv -1 \pmod{p}</math> for some prime <math>p</math>. We want to find the smallest odd possible value of <math>p</math>. By squaring both sides of the congruence, we get <math>2019^{16} \equiv 1 \pmod{p}</math>. This tells us that <math>\phi(p)</math> is a multiple of 16. Since we know <math>p</math> is prime, <math>\phi(p) = p(1 - \frac{1}{p})</math> or <math>p - 1</math>. Therefore, <math>p</math> must be <math>1 \pmod{16}</math>. The two smallest primes that are <math>1 \pmod{16}</math> are <math>17</math> and <math>97</math>. <math>2019^8 \not\equiv -1 \pmod{17}</math>, but <math>2019^8 \equiv -1 \pmod{97}</math>, so our answer is <math>\boxed{097}</math>. | The problem tells us that <math>2019^8 \equiv -1 \pmod{p}</math> for some prime <math>p</math>. We want to find the smallest odd possible value of <math>p</math>. By squaring both sides of the congruence, we get <math>2019^{16} \equiv 1 \pmod{p}</math>. This tells us that <math>\phi(p)</math> is a multiple of 16. Since we know <math>p</math> is prime, <math>\phi(p) = p(1 - \frac{1}{p})</math> or <math>p - 1</math>. Therefore, <math>p</math> must be <math>1 \pmod{16}</math>. The two smallest primes that are <math>1 \pmod{16}</math> are <math>17</math> and <math>97</math>. <math>2019^8 \not\equiv -1 \pmod{17}</math>, but <math>2019^8 \equiv -1 \pmod{97}</math>, so our answer is <math>\boxed{097}</math>. | ||
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+ | ==Note to solution 1== | ||
+ | <math>\phi(p)</math> is called the "Euler Function" of integer <math>p</math>. | ||
+ | Eular theorem: define <math>\phi(p)</math> as the number of positive integers less than <math>n</math> but relatively prime to <math>n</math>, then we have <cmath>\phi(p)=p\cdot \prod^n_{i=1}\(1-\frac{1}{p_i}\)</cmath> where <math>p_1,p_2,...,p_n</math> are the prime factors of <math>p</math>. Then, we have <cmath>a^\phi(p)\equiv 1\ (\mathrm{mod}\ p)</cmath> if <math>(a,p)=1</math>. | ||
==Video Solution== | ==Video Solution== |
Revision as of 10:31, 15 March 2019
Problem 14
Find the least odd prime factor of .
Solution 1
The problem tells us that for some prime
. We want to find the smallest odd possible value of
. By squaring both sides of the congruence, we get
. This tells us that
is a multiple of 16. Since we know
is prime,
or
. Therefore,
must be
. The two smallest primes that are
are
and
.
, but
, so our answer is
.
Note to solution 1
is called the "Euler Function" of integer
.
Eular theorem: define as the number of positive integers less than
but relatively prime to
, then we have
\[\phi(p)=p\cdot \prod^n_{i=1}\(1-\frac{1}{p_i}\)\] (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg)
where are the prime factors of
. Then, we have
if
.
Video Solution
On The Spot STEM:
See Also
2019 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 13 |
Followed by Problem 15 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
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