Difference between revisions of "2020 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 22"

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Problem 22

What is the maximum value of $\frac{(2^t-3t)t}{4^t}$ for real values of $t?$

$\textbf{(A)}\ \frac{1}{16} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{1}{15} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1}{12} \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{1}{10} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{1}{9}$

Solution 1

Set $u = t2^{-t}$ . Then the expression in the problem can be written as $R = - 3t^24^{-t} + t2^{-t}= - 3u^2 + u = - 3 (u - \frac{1}{6})^2 + \frac{1}{12} \le \frac{1}{12} .$ It is easy to see that $u =\frac{1}{6}$ is attained for some value of $t$ between $t = 0$ and $t = 1$ , thus the maximal value of $R$ is $\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1}{12}$ .

Solution 2 (Calculus Needed)

We want to maximize $f(t) = \frac{(2^t-3t)t}{4^t} = \frac{t\cdot 2^t-3t^2}{4^t}$ . We can use the first derivative test. Use quotient rule to get the following: $\frac{(2^t + t\cdot \ln{2} \cdot 2^t - 6t)4^t - (t\cdot 2^t - 3t^2)4^t \cdot 2\ln{2}}{(4^t)^2} = 0 \implies 2^t + t\cdot \ln{2} \cdot 2^t - 6t = (t\cdot 2^t - 3t^2) 2\ln{2}$ $\implies 2^t + t\cdot \ln{2}\cdot 2^t - 6t = 2t\ln{2} \cdot 2^t - 6t^2 \ln{2}$ $\implies 2^t(1-t\cdot \ln{2}) = 6t(1 - t\cdot \ln{2}) \implies 2^t = 6t$ Therefore, we plug this back into the original equation to get $\boxed{\textbf{(C)} \frac{1}{12}}$

Solution 3

First, substitute $2^t = x (\log_2{x} = t)$ so that $\frac{(2^t-3t)t}{4^t} = \frac{x\log_2{x}-3(\log_2{x})^2}{x^2}$

Notice that $\frac{x\log_2{x}-3(\log_2{x})^2}{x^2} = \frac{\log_2{x}}{x}-3\Big(\frac{\log_2{x}}{x}\Big)^2.$

When seen as a function, $\frac{\log_2{x}}{x}-3\Big(\frac{\log_2{x}}{x}\Big)^2$ is a synthesis function that has $\frac{\log_2{x}}{x}$ as its inner function.

If we substitute $\frac{\log_2{x}}{x} = p$ , the given function becomes a quadratic function that has a maximum value of $\frac{1}{12}$ when $p = \frac{1}{6}$ .

Now we need to check if $\frac{\log_2{x}}{x}$ can have the value of $\frac{1}{6}$ in the range of real numbers.

In the range of (positive) real numbers, function $\frac{\log_2{x}}{x}$ is a continuous function whose value gets infinitely smaller as $x$ gets closer to 0 (as $log_2{x}$ also diverges toward negative infinity in the same condition). When $x = 2$ , $\frac{\log_2{x}}{x} = \frac{1}{2}$ , which is larger than $\frac{1}{6}$ .

Therefore, we can assume that $\frac{\log_2{x}}{x}$ equals to $\frac{1}{6}$ when $x$ is somewhere between 1 and 2 (at least), which means that the maximum value of $\frac{(2^t-3t)t}{4^t}$ is $\boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1}{12}}$ .

Solution 4 (Bash)

Take the derivative of this function and let the derivative equals to 0, then this gives you $2^t=6t$ . Substitute it into the original function you can get $\boxed{C}$ .

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 <math>\textbf{(A)}\ \frac{1}{16} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{1}{15} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1}{12} \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{1}{10} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{1}{9}</math>
-==Solution1==
+==Solution 1==
 Set <math> u = t2^{-t}</math>. Then the expression in the problem can be written as <cmath>R =  - 3t^24^{-t} + t2^{-t}= - 3u^2 + u = - 3 (u - \frac{1}{6})^2 + \frac{1}{12} \le \frac{1}{12} .</cmath> It is easy to see that <math>u =\frac{1}{6}</math> is attained for some value of <math>t</math> between <math>t = 0</math> and <math>t = 1</math>, thus the maximal value of <math>R</math> is <math>\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1}{12}</math>.
-==Solution2==
+==Solution 2 (Calculus Needed)==
+We want to maximize <math>f(t) = \frac{(2^t-3t)t}{4^t} = \frac{t\cdot 2^t-3t^2}{4^t}</math>. We can use the first derivative test. Use quotient rule to get the following:
+<cmath>
+\frac{(2^t + t\cdot \ln{2} \cdot 2^t - 6t)4^t - (t\cdot 2^t - 3t^2)4^t \cdot 2\ln{2}}{(4^t)^2} = 0 \implies 2^t + t\cdot \ln{2} \cdot 2^t - 6t = (t\cdot 2^t - 3t^2) 2\ln{2}
+</cmath>
+<cmath>
+\implies 2^t + t\cdot \ln{2}\cdot 2^t - 6t = 2t\ln{2} \cdot 2^t - 6t^2 \ln{2}
+</cmath>
+<cmath>
+\implies 2^t(1-t\cdot \ln{2}) = 6t(1 - t\cdot \ln{2}) \implies 2^t = 6t
+</cmath>Therefore, we plug this back into the original equation to get <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C)} \frac{1}{12}}</math>
+==Solution 3==
 First, substitute <math>2^t = x (\log_2{x} = t)</math> so that
@@ Line 32: / Line 45: @@
 Therefore, we can assume that <math>\frac{\log_2{x}}{x}</math> equals to <math>\frac{1}{6}</math> when <math>x</math> is somewhere between 1 and 2 (at least), which means that the maximum value of <math>\frac{(2^t-3t)t}{4^t}</math> is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{1}{12}}</math>.
-==Solution 3 (Bash)==
+==Solution 4 (Bash)==
 Take the derivative of this function and let the derivative equals to 0, then this gives you <math>2^t=6t</math>. Substitute it into the original function you can get <math>\boxed{C}</math>.

2020 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 21	Followed by Problem 23
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