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Difference between revisions of "2015 AIME II Problems/Problem 7"
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==Problem==
 
==Problem==
  
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Triangle <math>ABC</math> has side lengths <math>AB = 12</math>, <math>BC = 25</math>, and <math>CA = 17</math>. Rectangle <math>PQRS</math> has vertex <math>P</math> on <math>\overline{AB}</math>, vertex <math>Q</math> on <math>\overline{AC}</math>, and vertices <math>R</math> and <math>S</math> on <math>\overline{BC}</math>. In terms of the side length <math>PQ = w</math>, the area of <math>PQRS</math> can be expressed as the quadratic polynomial
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Triangle <math>ABC</math> has side lengths <math>AB = 12</math>, <math>BC = 25</math>, and <math>CA = 17</math>. Rectangle <math>PQRS</math> has vertex <math>P</math> on <math>\overline{AB}</math>, vertex <math>Q</math> on <math>\overline{AC}</math>, and vertices <math>R</math> and <math>S</math> on <math>\overline{BC}</math>. In terms of the side length <math>PQ = \omega</math>, the area of <math>PQRS</math> can be expressed as the quadratic polynomial <cmath>Area(PQRS) = \alpha \omega - \beta \omega^2.</cmath>
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Area(<math>PQRS</math>) = <math>\alpha w - \beta \cdot w^2</math>.
 
  
 
Then the coefficient <math>\beta = \frac{m}{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m+n</math>.
 
Then the coefficient <math>\beta = \frac{m}{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m+n</math>.
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<cmath>\alpha\omega - \beta\omega^2 = 25\alpha - 625\beta = 0</cmath>
 
<cmath>\alpha\omega - \beta\omega^2 = 25\alpha - 625\beta = 0</cmath>
  
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and <math>\alpha = 25\beta</math>.  If <math>\omega = \frac{25}{2}</math>, we can reflect <math>APQ</math> over PQ, <math>PBS</math> over <math>PS</math>, and <math>QCR</math> over <math>QR</math> to completely cover rectangle <math>PQRS</math>, so the area of <math>PQRS</math> is half the area of the triangle.  Using Heron's formula, since <math>s = \frac{12 + 17 + 25}{2} = 27</math>,  
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and <math>\alpha = 25\beta</math>.  If <math>\omega = \frac{25}{2}</math>, we can reflect <math>APQ</math> over <math>PQ</math>, <math>PBS</math> over <math>PS</math>, and <math>QCR</math> over <math>QR</math> to completely cover rectangle <math>PQRS</math>, so the area of <math>PQRS</math> is half the area of the triangle.  Using Heron's formula, since <math>s = \frac{12 + 17 + 25}{2} = 27</math>,  
  
 
<cmath> [ABC] = \sqrt{27 \cdot 15 \cdot 10 \cdot 2} = 90</cmath>
 
<cmath> [ABC] = \sqrt{27 \cdot 15 \cdot 10 \cdot 2} = 90</cmath>
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Similar triangles can also solve the problem.
 
Similar triangles can also solve the problem.
  
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First, solve for the area of the triangle. <math>[ABC] = 90</math>. This can be done by Heron's Formula or placing an <math>8-15-17</math> right triangle on <math>BC</math> and solving. (The <math>8</math> side would be collinear with line <math>AB</math>)
+
First, solve for the area of the triangle. <math>[ABC] = 90</math>. This can be done by Heron's Formula or placing an <math>8-15-17</math> right triangle on <math>AC</math> and solving. (The <math>8</math> side would be collinear with line <math>AB</math>)
  
 
After finding the area, solve for the altitude to <math>BC</math>. Let <math>E</math> be the intersection of the altitude from <math>A</math> and side <math>BC</math>. Then <math>AE = \frac{36}{5}</math>.  
 
After finding the area, solve for the altitude to <math>BC</math>. Let <math>E</math> be the intersection of the altitude from <math>A</math> and side <math>BC</math>. Then <math>AE = \frac{36}{5}</math>.  
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Now, draw a parallel to <math>AB</math> from <math>Q</math>, intersecting <math>BC</math> at <math>T</math>. Then <math>BT = w</math> in parallelogram <math>QPBT</math>, and so <math>CT = 25 - w</math>. Clearly, <math>CQT</math> and <math>CAB</math> are similar triangles, and so their altitudes have lengths proportional to their corresponding base sides, and so
 
Now, draw a parallel to <math>AB</math> from <math>Q</math>, intersecting <math>BC</math> at <math>T</math>. Then <math>BT = w</math> in parallelogram <math>QPBT</math>, and so <math>CT = 25 - w</math>. Clearly, <math>CQT</math> and <math>CAB</math> are similar triangles, and so their altitudes have lengths proportional to their corresponding base sides, and so
 
<cmath>\frac{QR}{\frac{36}{5}} = \frac{25 - w}{25}.</cmath>
 
<cmath>\frac{QR}{\frac{36}{5}} = \frac{25 - w}{25}.</cmath>
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Solving gives <math>[PQRS] = \dfrac{36}{5} \cdot \dfrac{25 - w}{25} = \dfrac{36w}{5} - \dfrac{36w^2}{125}</math>, so the answer is <math>36 + 125 = 161</math>.
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Solving gives <math>[PQRS] = \dfrac{36}{5} \cdot \dfrac{25 - w}{25} \cdot w = \dfrac{36w}{5} - \dfrac{36w^2}{125}</math>, so the answer is <math>36 + 125 = 161</math>.
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==Solution 4==
 
==Solution 4==
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Hence, <math>125+36=\boxed{161}</math>
 
Hence, <math>125+36=\boxed{161}</math>
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==Solution 6==
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Proceed as in solution 1. When <math>\omega</math> is equal to zero, <math>\alpha - \beta\omega=\alpha</math> is equal to the altitude. This means that <math>25\beta</math> is equal to <math>\frac{36}{5}</math>, so <math>\beta = \frac{36}{125}</math>, yielding <math>\boxed{161}</math>.
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==Video Solution==
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9re2qLzOKWk&t=554s
 +
 +
~MathProblemSolvingSkills.com
 +
  
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 
{{AIME box|year=2015|n=II|num-b=6|num-a=8}}
 
{{AIME box|year=2015|n=II|num-b=6|num-a=8}}
 +
[[Category: Intermediate Geometry Problems]]
 
{{MAA Notice}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}

Latest revision as of 13:08, 14 February 2023

Problem

Triangle $ABC$ has side lengths $AB = 12$, $BC = 25$, and $CA = 17$. Rectangle $PQRS$ has vertex $P$ on $\overline{AB}$, vertex $Q$ on $\overline{AC}$, and vertices $R$ and $S$ on $\overline{BC}$. In terms of the side length $PQ = \omega$, the area of $PQRS$ can be expressed as the quadratic polynomial \[Area(PQRS) = \alpha \omega - \beta \omega^2.\]

Then the coefficient $\beta = \frac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n$.

Solution 1

If $\omega = 25$, the area of rectangle $PQRS$ is $0$, so

\[\alpha\omega - \beta\omega^2 = 25\alpha - 625\beta = 0\]

and $\alpha = 25\beta$. If $\omega = \frac{25}{2}$, we can reflect $APQ$ over $PQ$, $PBS$ over $PS$, and $QCR$ over $QR$ to completely cover rectangle $PQRS$, so the area of $PQRS$ is half the area of the triangle. Using Heron's formula, since $s = \frac{12 + 17 + 25}{2} = 27$,

\[[ABC] = \sqrt{27 \cdot 15 \cdot 10 \cdot 2} = 90\]

so

\[45 = \alpha\omega - \beta\omega^2 = \frac{625}{2} \beta - \beta\frac{625}{4} = \beta\frac{625}{4}\]

and

\[\beta = \frac{180}{625} = \frac{36}{125}\]

so the answer is $m + n = 36 + 125 = \boxed{161}$.

Solution 2

[asy] unitsize(20); pair A,B,C,E,F,P,Q,R,S; A=(48/5,36/5); B=(0,0); C=(25,0); E=(48/5,0); F=(48/5,18/5); P=(24/5,18/5); Q=(173/10,18/5); S=(24/5,0); R=(173/10,0); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(P--Q); draw(Q--R); draw(R--S); draw(S--P); draw(A--E,dashed); label("$A$",A,N); label("$B$",B,SW); label("$C$",C,SE); label("$E$",E,SE); label("$F$",F,NE); label("$P$",P,NW); label("$Q$",Q,NE); label("$R$",R,SE); label("$S$",S,SW); draw(rightanglemark(B,E,A,12)); dot(E); dot(F); [/asy]

Similar triangles can also solve the problem.

First, solve for the area of the triangle. $[ABC] = 90$. This can be done by Heron's Formula or placing an $8-15-17$ right triangle on $AC$ and solving. (The $8$ side would be collinear with line $AB$)

After finding the area, solve for the altitude to $BC$. Let $E$ be the intersection of the altitude from $A$ and side $BC$. Then $AE = \frac{36}{5}$. Solving for $BE$ using the Pythagorean Formula, we get $BE = \frac{48}{5}$. We then know that $CE = \frac{77}{5}$.

Now consider the rectangle $PQRS$. Since $SR$ is collinear with $BC$ and parallel to $PQ$, $PQ$ is parallel to $BC$ meaning $\Delta APQ$ is similar to $\Delta ABC$.

Let $F$ be the intersection between $AE$ and $PQ$. By the similar triangles, we know that $\frac{PF}{FQ}=\frac{BE}{EC} = \frac{48}{77}$. Since $PF+FQ=PQ=\omega$. We can solve for $PF$ and $FQ$ in terms of $\omega$. We get that $PF=\frac{48}{125} \omega$ and $FQ=\frac{77}{125} \omega$.

Let's work with $PF$. We know that $PQ$ is parallel to $BC$ so $\Delta APF$ is similar to $\Delta ABE$. We can set up the proportion:

$\frac{AF}{PF}=\frac{AE}{BE}=\frac{3}{4}$. Solving for $AF$, $AF = \frac{3}{4} PF = \frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{48}{125} \omega = \frac{36}{125} \omega$.

We can solve for $PS$ then since we know that $PS=FE$ and $FE= AE - AF = \frac{36}{5} - \frac{36}{125} \omega$.

Therefore, $[PQRS] = PQ \cdot PS = \omega (\frac{36}{5} - \frac{36}{125} \omega) = \frac{36}{5}\omega - \frac{36}{125} \omega^2$.

This means that $\beta = \frac{36}{125} \Rightarrow (m,n) = (36,125) \Rightarrow m+n = \boxed{161}$.

Solution 3

Heron's Formula gives $[ABC] = \sqrt{27 \cdot 15 \cdot 10 \cdot 2} = 90,$ so the altitude from $A$ to $BC$ has length $\dfrac{2[ABC]}{BC} = \dfrac{36}{5}.$

Now, draw a parallel to $AB$ from $Q$, intersecting $BC$ at $T$. Then $BT = w$ in parallelogram $QPBT$, and so $CT = 25 - w$. Clearly, $CQT$ and $CAB$ are similar triangles, and so their altitudes have lengths proportional to their corresponding base sides, and so \[\frac{QR}{\frac{36}{5}} = \frac{25 - w}{25}.\] Solving gives $[PQRS] = \dfrac{36}{5} \cdot \dfrac{25 - w}{25} \cdot w = \dfrac{36w}{5} - \dfrac{36w^2}{125}$, so the answer is $36 + 125 = 161$.

Solution 4

Using the diagram from Solution 2 above, label $AF$ to be $h$. Through Heron's formula, the area of $\triangle ABC$ turns out to be $90$, so using $AE$ as the height and $BC$ as the base yields $AE=\frac{36}{5}$. Now, through the use of similarity between $\triangle APQ$ and $\triangle ABC$, you find $\frac{w}{25}=\frac{h}{36/5}$. Thus, $h=\frac{36w}{125}$. To find the height of the rectangle, subtract $h$ from $\frac{36}{5}$ to get $\left(\frac{36}{5}-\frac{36w}{125}\right)$, and multiply this by the other given side $w$ to get $\frac{36w}{5}-\frac{36w^2}{125}$ for the area of the rectangle. Finally, $36+125=\boxed{161}$.

Solution 5

Using the diagram as shown in Solution 2, let $AE=h$ and $AP=L$ Now, by Heron's formula, we find that the $[ABC]=90$. Hence, $h=\frac{36}{5}$

Now, we see that $\sin{B}=\frac{PS}{12-L}\implies PS=\sin{B}(12-L)$ We easily find that $\sin{B}=\frac{3}{5}$

Hence, $PS=\frac{3}{5}(12-L)$

Now, we see that $[PQRS]=\frac{3}{5}(12-L)(w)$

Now, it is obvious that we want to find $L$ in terms of $W$.

Looking at the diagram, we see that because $PQRS$ is a rectangle, $\triangle{APQ}\sim{\triangle{ABC}}$

Hence.. we can now set up similar triangles.

We have that $\frac{AP}{AB}=\frac{PQ}{BC}\implies \frac{L}{12}=\frac{W}{25}\implies 25L=12W\implies L=\frac{12W}{25}$.

Plugging back in..


$[PQRS]=\frac{3w}{5}(12-(\frac{12W}{25}))\implies \frac{3w}{5}(\frac{300-12W}{25})\implies \frac{900W-36W^2}{125}$

Simplifying, we get $\frac{36W}{5}-\frac{36W^2}{125}$

Hence, $125+36=\boxed{161}$

Solution 6

Proceed as in solution 1. When $\omega$ is equal to zero, $\alpha - \beta\omega=\alpha$ is equal to the altitude. This means that $25\beta$ is equal to $\frac{36}{5}$, so $\beta = \frac{36}{125}$, yielding $\boxed{161}$.


Video Solution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9re2qLzOKWk&t=554s

~MathProblemSolvingSkills.com


See also

2015 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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Problem 8
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