Difference between revisions of "1986 AIME Problems/Problem 8"
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== Problem == | == Problem == | ||
− | Let <math> | + | Let <math>S</math> be the sum of the base <math>10</math> [[logarithm]]s of all the [[proper divisor]]s (all [[divisor]]s of a number excluding itself) of <math>1000000</math>. What is the integer nearest to <math>S</math>? |
+ | __TOC__ | ||
== Solution == | == Solution == | ||
− | The [[prime factorization]] of <math>1000000 = 2^65^6</math>, so there are <math>(6 + 1)(6 + 1) = 49</math> | + | === Solution 1 === |
+ | The [[prime factorization]] of <math>1000000 = 2^65^6</math>, so there are <math>(6 + 1)(6 + 1) = 49</math> divisors, of which <math>48</math> are proper. The sum of multiple logarithms of the same base is equal to the logarithm of the products of the numbers. | ||
− | Writing out the first few terms, we see that the answer is equal to < | + | Writing out the first few terms, we see that the answer is equal to <cmath>\log 1 + \log 2 + \log 4 + \ldots + \log 1000000 = \log (2^05^0)(2^15^0)(2^05^1)\cdots (2^65^6).</cmath> Each power of <math>2</math> appears <math>7</math> times; and the same goes for <math>5</math>. So the overall power of <math>2</math> and <math>5</math> is <math>7(1+2+3+4+5+6) = 7 \cdot 21 = 147</math>. However, since the question asks for proper divisors, we exclude <math>2^65^6</math>, so each power is actually <math>141</math> times. The answer is thus <math>S = \log 2^{141}5^{141} = \log 10^{141} = \boxed{141}</math>. |
− | == Solution 2 == | + | === Solution 2 === |
Since the prime factorization of <math>10^6</math> is <math>2^6 \cdot 5^6</math>, the number of factors in <math>10^6</math> is <math>7 \cdot 7=49</math>. You can pair them up into groups of two so each group multiplies to <math>10^6</math>. Note that <math>\log n+\log{(10^6/n)}=\log{n}+\log{10^6}-\log{n}=6</math>. Thus, the sum of the logs of the divisors is half the number of divisors of <math>10^6 \cdot 6 -6</math> (since they are asking only for proper divisors), and the answer is <math>(49/2)\cdot 6-6=141</math>. | Since the prime factorization of <math>10^6</math> is <math>2^6 \cdot 5^6</math>, the number of factors in <math>10^6</math> is <math>7 \cdot 7=49</math>. You can pair them up into groups of two so each group multiplies to <math>10^6</math>. Note that <math>\log n+\log{(10^6/n)}=\log{n}+\log{10^6}-\log{n}=6</math>. Thus, the sum of the logs of the divisors is half the number of divisors of <math>10^6 \cdot 6 -6</math> (since they are asking only for proper divisors), and the answer is <math>(49/2)\cdot 6-6=141</math>. | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
{{AIME box|year=1986|num-b=7|num-a=9}} | {{AIME box|year=1986|num-b=7|num-a=9}} | ||
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[[Category:Intermediate Algebra Problems]] | [[Category:Intermediate Algebra Problems]] |
Revision as of 19:25, 9 April 2008
Problem
Let be the sum of the base logarithms of all the proper divisors (all divisors of a number excluding itself) of . What is the integer nearest to ?
Contents
[hide]Solution
Solution 1
The prime factorization of , so there are divisors, of which are proper. The sum of multiple logarithms of the same base is equal to the logarithm of the products of the numbers.
Writing out the first few terms, we see that the answer is equal to Each power of appears times; and the same goes for . So the overall power of and is . However, since the question asks for proper divisors, we exclude , so each power is actually times. The answer is thus .
Solution 2
Since the prime factorization of is , the number of factors in is . You can pair them up into groups of two so each group multiplies to . Note that . Thus, the sum of the logs of the divisors is half the number of divisors of (since they are asking only for proper divisors), and the answer is .
See also
1986 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 7 |
Followed by Problem 9 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |