Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2018 AMC 8 Problems/Problem 24"

m (→‎Solution 5 (Not for use in a time-limited contest))
(→‎Solution 6)
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 128: Line 128:
  
 
~franzliszt
 
~franzliszt
 +
 +
==Solution 6==
 +
To eliminate the variables and avoid the complicated algebra, we can simply plug in values and find \( R \). Let’s assume the side length of the cube is \( 4 \). The given figure is a rhombus because all its sides are equal, but the angles are not \( 90^\circ \). To find the area of the rhombus, we need to calculate the lengths of the two diagonals.
 +
 +
The formula for the space diagonal of a cube is \( \sqrt{3}s \), so \( \overline{CE} = 4\sqrt{3} \). By symmetry, \( \overline{IJ} = \overline{BD} = 4\sqrt{2} \). Now, we can find the area of the rhombus using the formula for the area of a rhombus, which is the product of the diagonals divided by 2:
 +
 +
\begin{align*}
 +
\text{Area} &= \frac{4\sqrt{3} \cdot 4\sqrt{2}}{2} \\
 +
&= 8\sqrt{6}.
 +
\end{align*}
 +
 +
Next, the area of one of the cube’s faces is simply \( 4^2 = 16 \). So, \( R \) is:
 +
 +
\begin{align*}
 +
R &= \left( \frac{8\sqrt{6}}{16} \right)^2 \\
 +
&= \boxed{\frac{3}{2}}.
 +
\end{align*}
 +
-jb2015007
  
 
==Note==
 
==Note==

Latest revision as of 22:34, 18 December 2024

Problem

In the cube $ABCDEFGH$ with opposite vertices $C$ and $E,$ $J$ and $I$ are the midpoints of segments $\overline{FB}$ and $\overline{HD},$ respectively. Let $R$ be the ratio of the area of the cross-section $EJCI$ to the area of one of the faces of the cube. What is $R^2?$

[asy] size(6cm); pair A,B,C,D,EE,F,G,H,I,J; C = (0,0); B = (-1,1); D = (2,0.5); A = B+D; G = (0,2); F = B+G; H = G+D; EE = G+B+D; I = (D+H)/2; J = (B+F)/2; filldraw(C--I--EE--J--cycle,lightgray,black); draw(C--D--H--EE--F--B--cycle); draw(G--F--G--C--G--H); draw(A--B,dashed); draw(A--EE,dashed); draw(A--D,dashed); dot(A); dot(B); dot(C); dot(D); dot(EE); dot(F); dot(G); dot(H); dot(I); dot(J); label("$A$",A,E); label("$B$",B,W); label("$C$",C,S); label("$D$",D,E); label("$E$",EE,N); label("$F$",F,W); label("$G$",G,N); label("$H$",H,E); label("$I$",I,E); label("$J$",J,W); [/asy]

$\textbf{(A) } \frac{5}{4} \qquad \textbf{(B) } \frac{4}{3} \qquad \textbf{(C) } \frac{3}{2} \qquad \textbf{(D) } \frac{25}{16} \qquad \textbf{(E) } \frac{9}{4}$

Solution 1

Note that $EJCI$ is a rhombus by symmetry. Let the side length of the cube be $s$. By the Pythagorean theorem, $EC= s\sqrt 3$ and $JI= s\sqrt 2$. Since the area of a rhombus is half the product of its diagonals, the area of the cross section is $\frac{s^2\sqrt 6}{2}$. This gives $R = \frac{\sqrt 6}2$. Thus, $R^2 = \boxed{\textbf{(C) } \frac{3}{2}}$.

Solution 2

This time, instead of using a variable like we did in Solution 1, $s$, for the side length as in the above solution, choose an easy value for $s$ such as $2$. In the above solution, $s^2$ cancels out in the end, so ultimately the answers are equivalent. ~Technodoggo

Solution 3 (Coordinate Geometry)

If the edges of the cube have same lengths $a$, $A$ is the origin, $\vec{AD }$ is the positive $x$ direction, $\vec{AE}$ is the positive $y$ direction, and $\vec{AB }$ is the positive $z$ direction. Therefore, we have $E(0,a,0), I(a,\frac{a}{2},0), C(a,0,a),$ and $J(0,\frac{a}{2},a)$. Hence, we can figure out that:

\[|EC|=\sqrt{a^2 + a^2 + a^2}=\sqrt{3}a\]

\[|IJ|=\sqrt{a^2 + 0 + a^2}=\sqrt{2}a\]

Note that $EJCI$ is a rhombus, so $R=\frac{\sqrt{6}a^2}{2a^2}=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}$. Finally, we can see that the answer is $R^2=\frac{6}{4}=\boxed{\textbf{(C) } \frac{3}{2}}$

~Bloggish

Solution 4 (AMC 10+ tactics)

We can solve this with 3D Cartesian coordinates. Assume WLOG that the sides of the square are of length $2$. Let $C$ be the origin and let $\vec{CD}$ be the positive $x$ direction, $\vec{CG}$ be the positive $y$ direction, and $\vec{CB}$ be the positive $z$ direction. We find that $I=(2,1,0),J=(0,1,2),E=(2,2,2)$.

Notice that $CI=CJ=EI=EJ=\sqrt{5}$ so $EJCI$ is a rhombus. Furthermore, by the distance formula, $IJ=\sqrt8$.

By the Law of Cosines on $\triangle JCI$ we have $\cos \angle JCI=\frac{\sqrt5^2+ \sqrt5^2-\sqrt8^2}{2\cdot \sqrt5\cdot \sqrt5}=\frac 15$. By the Law of Cosines on $\triangle JEI$ we have $\cos \angle JEI=\frac{\sqrt5^2+ \sqrt5^2-\sqrt8^2}{2\cdot \sqrt5\cdot \sqrt5}=\frac 15$.

Bretschneider's formula states given a quadrilateral $ABCD$ with sides $a,b,c,d$ then \[[ABCD]=\sqrt{(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)(s-d)-abcd\cos^2\left({\frac{B+D}{2}}\right)}\]where $s=\frac{a+b+c+d}2$. Using this formula, we find that\[[EJCI]=\sqrt{(2\sqrt5-\sqrt5)(2\sqrt5-\sqrt5)(2\sqrt5-\sqrt5)(2\sqrt5-\sqrt5)-\sqrt 5^4(\tfrac 15)^2}=2\sqrt{6}.\]

Using Bretschneider's formula again, we can find that $[ABCD]=\sqrt{(4-2)(4-2)(4-2)(4-2)-2^4\cdot \cos \left(\frac{90^\circ+90^\circ}2\right)}=\sqrt{16}=4$.

The answer is thus $\left(\frac{2\sqrt6}{4}\right)^2=\frac 32$ so we circle answer choice $C$.

~franzliszt

Solution 5 (Not for use in a time-limited contest)

We will use the following

Theorem: Suppose we have a quadrilateral with edges of length $a,b,c,d$ (in that order) and diagonals of length $p, q$. Bretschneider's formula states that the area $[ABCD]=\frac{1}{4} \cdot \sqrt{4p^2q^2-(b^2+d^2-a^2-c^2)^2}$.

Proof: Here is one of my favorite proofs of this with vector geometry.

Suppose a quadrilateral has sides $\vec{a}, \vec{b}, \vec{c}, \vec{d}$ such that $\vec{a} + \vec{b} + \vec{c} + \vec{d} = \vec{0}$ and that the diagonals of the quadrilateral are $\vec{p} = \vec{b} + \vec{c} = -\vec{a} - \vec{d}$ and $\vec{q} = \vec{a} + \vec{b} = -\vec{c} - \vec{d}$. The area of any such quadrilateral is $\frac{1}{2} |\vec{p} \times \vec{q}|$.


$K = \frac{1}{2} |\vec{p} \times \vec{q}|$

Lagrange's Identity states that $|\vec{a}|^2|\vec{b}|^2-(\vec{a}\cdot\vec{b})^2=|\vec{a}\times\vec{b}|^2 \implies \sqrt{|\vec{a}|^2|\vec{b}|^2-(\vec{a}\cdot\vec{b})^2}=|\vec{a}\times\vec{b}|$. Therefore:

$K = \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{|\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - (\vec{p} \cdot \vec{q})^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - (2 \vec{p} \cdot \vec{q})^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - [2 (\vec{b} + \vec{c}) \cdot (\vec{a} + \vec{b})]^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - [2 \vec{b} \cdot (\vec{a} + \vec{b}) + 2 \vec{c} \cdot (\vec{a} + \vec{b})]^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - [-2 \vec{b} \cdot (\vec{c} + \vec{d}) + 2 \vec{c} \cdot (\vec{a} + \vec{b})]^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - [-2 \vec{b} \cdot \vec{c} - 2 \vec{b} \cdot \vec{d} + 2 \vec{a} \cdot \vec{c} + 2 \vec{b} \cdot \vec{c}]^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - [2 \vec{a} \cdot \vec{c} - 2 \vec{b} \cdot \vec{d}]^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - ([(\vec{a} + \vec{c})\cdot(\vec{a} + \vec{c}) - \vec{a}\cdot\vec{a} - \vec{c}\cdot\vec{c}] - [(\vec{b} + \vec{d})\cdot(\vec{b} + \vec{d}) - \vec{b}\cdot\vec{b} - \vec{d}\cdot\vec{d}])^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - [|\vec{b}|^2 + |\vec{d}|^2 - |\vec{a}|^2 - |\vec{c}|^2 + (\vec{a} + \vec{c})\cdot(\vec{a} + \vec{c}) - (\vec{b} + \vec{d})\cdot(\vec{b} + \vec{d})]^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - [|\vec{b}|^2 + |\vec{d}|^2 - |\vec{a}|^2 - |\vec{c}|^2 + |\vec{a} + \vec{c}|^2 - |\vec{b} + \vec{d}|^2]^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - [|\vec{b}|^2 + |\vec{d}|^2 - |\vec{a}|^2 - |\vec{c}|^2 + |\vec{a} + \vec{c}|^2 - |-(\vec{a} + \vec{c})|^2]^2}$

$= \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4 |\vec{p}|^2|\vec{q}|^2 - [|\vec{b}|^2 + |\vec{d}|^2 - |\vec{a}|^2 - |\vec{c}|^2]^2}$

Then, if $a, b, c, d$ represent $|\vec{a}|, |\vec{b}|, |\vec{c}|, |\vec{d}|$ (and are thus the side lengths) while $p, q$ represent $|\vec{p}|, |\vec{q}|$ (and are thus the diagonal lengths), the area of a quadrilateral is:

\[K = \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{4p^2q^2 - (b^2 + d^2 - a^2 - c^2)^2}\] $\square$

Back to the problem. We use vectors. WLOG suppose the cube has sides of length $2$. Let $C$ be the origin and let $\vec{CD}$ be the $x$ direction, $\vec{CG}$ be the $y$ direction, and $\vec{CB}$ be the $z$ direction.

Then, $\vec{CI}=\vec{JE}=\begin{pmatrix} 2\\1\\0\end{pmatrix}$ and $\vec{CJ}=\vec{IE}=\begin{pmatrix} 0\\1\\2\end{pmatrix}$. Let $\angle JCI=\theta$. Dot product gives $\cos \theta=\left(\frac{\begin{pmatrix} 2\\1\\0\end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 0\\1\\2\end{pmatrix}}{|\begin{pmatrix} 2\\1\\0\end{pmatrix}||\begin{pmatrix} 0\\1\\2\end{pmatrix}|}\right)=\frac 15.$

Hence, $\vec {IJ}=\sqrt{|\vec{CI}|+|\vec{CJ}|-2\cdot \vec{CI}\cdot \vec{CJ}\cos \theta}=\sqrt{|\begin{pmatrix} 2\\1\\0\end{pmatrix}|+|\begin{pmatrix} 0\\1\\2\end{pmatrix}|-2\cdot \begin{pmatrix} 2\\1\\0\end{pmatrix} \cdot\begin{pmatrix} 0\\1\\2\end{pmatrix} \cdot \frac 15} \iff |\vec{IJ}|=2\sqrt2$.

Now, notice that $\vec{CE}=\vec{CI}+\vec{CJ}=\begin{pmatrix} 2\\1\\0\end{pmatrix}+\begin{pmatrix} 0\\1\\2\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 2\\2\\2\end{pmatrix}$ so $|\vec{CE}|=|\begin{pmatrix} 2\\2\\2\end{pmatrix}|=2\sqrt3$.

Using Bretschneider's formula, we obtain $[EJCI]=\frac{1}{4} \cdot \sqrt{4|\vec{IJ}|^2|\vec{CE}|^2-(|\vec{CJ}|^2+|\vec{IE}|^2-|\vec{JE}|^2-|\vec{CI}|^2)^2}=\frac 14\sqrt{4\cdot (2\sqrt2)^2\cdot (2\sqrt3)^2-(5^2+5^2-5^2-5^2)^2}=2\sqrt6$.

Using Bretschneider's formula again, we can find that $[ABCD]=\sqrt{(4-2)(4-2)(4-2)(4-2)-2^4\cdot \cos \left(\frac{90^\circ+90^\circ}2\right)}=\sqrt{16}=4$.

Hence, the answer is $\left(\frac{2\sqrt6}{4}\right)^2=\frac 32$ so we circle answer choice $C$.

~franzliszt

Solution 6

To eliminate the variables and avoid the complicated algebra, we can simply plug in values and find \( R \). Let’s assume the side length of the cube is \( 4 \). The given figure is a rhombus because all its sides are equal, but the angles are not \( 90^\circ \). To find the area of the rhombus, we need to calculate the lengths of the two diagonals.

The formula for the space diagonal of a cube is \( \sqrt{3}s \), so \( \overline{CE} = 4\sqrt{3} \). By symmetry, \( \overline{IJ} = \overline{BD} = 4\sqrt{2} \). Now, we can find the area of the rhombus using the formula for the area of a rhombus, which is the product of the diagonals divided by 2:

\begin{align*} \text{Area} &= \frac{4\sqrt{3} \cdot 4\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ &= 8\sqrt{6}. \end{align*}

Next, the area of one of the cube’s faces is simply \( 4^2 = 16 \). So, \( R \) is:

\begin{align*} R &= \left( \frac{8\sqrt{6}}{16} \right)^2 \\ &= \boxed{\frac{3}{2}}. \end{align*} -jb2015007

Note

Problem 21 of the 2008 AMC 10A was nearly identical to this question, except that in this question you have to look for the square of the area, not the actual area.

Video Solution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04pV_rZw8bg

~ Happytwin

Video Solution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji9_6XNxyIc

~ MathEx

Video Solution by OmegaLearn

https://youtu.be/FDgcLW4frg8?t=2823

~ pi_is_3.14

Video Solution

https://youtu.be/IrxtHlbERe8

~savannahsolver

See Also

2018 AMC 8 (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 23 		Followed by
Problem 25
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AJHSME/AMC 8 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2018_AMC_8_Problems/Problem_24&oldid=237255"