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Difference between revisions of "2016 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 8"

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\textbf{(E)}\ 8</math>
 
\textbf{(E)}\ 8</math>
  
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==Solution==
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==Solution 1==
  
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We notice that <math>2015^{n}</math> is <math>25 (mod 100)</math> when <math>n is even</math> and <math>75 (mod 100)</math> when <math>n is odd.</math> (Check for yourself).  Since 2016 is even, <math>2015^{2016}</math> is 25 (mod 100) and <math>2015^{2016}-2017 \equiv 25 - 17 \equiv 08 (mod  100)</math>
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Notice that, for <math>n\ge 2</math>, <math>2015^n\equiv 15^n</math> is congruent to <math>25\pmod{100}</math> when <math>n</math> is even and <math>75\pmod{100}</math> when <math>n</math> is odd. (Check for yourself).  Since <math>2016</math> is even, <math>2015^{2016} \equiv 25\pmod{100}</math> and <math>2015^{2016}-2017 \equiv 25 - 17 \equiv \underline{0}8\pmod{100}</math>.
  
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So the answer is <math>\textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad</math>
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So the answer is <math>\textbf{(A)}\ \boxed{0}</math>.
  
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solution by Wwang
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==Solution 2==
 +
 
 +
In a very similar fashion, we find that <math>2015^{2016} \equiv 15^{2016} \pmod{100}</math>, which equals <math>225^{1008}</math>. Next, since every power (greater than <math>0</math>) of every number ending in <math>25</math> will end in <math>25</math> (which can easily be verified), we get <math>225^{1008} \equiv 25 \pmod{100}</math>. (In this way, we don't have to worry about the exponent very much.) Finally, <math>2017 \equiv 17 \pmod{100}</math>, and thus <math>2015^{2016}-2017 \equiv 25-17 \equiv 08 \pmod{100}</math>, as above.
 +
 
 +
==Solution 3 (exponent pattern)==
 +
Since we only need the tens digits, we only need to care about the multiplication of tens and ones. (If you want to use mathematical terms then we only need to look at the exponents in <math>mod 100</math>.) We will use the "<math>\equiv</math>" sign to denote congruence in modulus, basically taking the last two digits and ignoring everything else.
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<cmath>\begin{split}
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15^{1}\equiv15 \\
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15^{2}\equiv25
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\end{split}</cmath>
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From here we only need to multiply <math>15\cdot25</math> and we can ignore the hundreds digits.
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<cmath>\begin{split}
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15^{3}\equiv75 \\
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15^{4}\equiv25 \\
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15^{5}\equiv75
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\end{split}</cmath>
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Notice that for every <math>x\neq1</math>, <math>15^{x}\equiv25</math> if <math>x</math> is even, and <math>15^{x}\equiv75</math> if <math>x</math> is odd. Since <math>2015^{2016}</math> has an even exponent, we conclude that the last two digits will be <math>25</math>, and subtracting <math>25-17=\underline{0}8 \Longrightarrow \boxed{\textbf{(A)}\ 0}</math>.
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~JH. L
 +
 
 +
==Video Solution (CREATIVE THINKING)==
 +
https://youtu.be/jDHIJ8o4VSA
 +
 
 +
~Education, the Study of Everything
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Video Solution==
 +
https://youtu.be/GVPF6CcCugU
 +
 
 +
~savannahsolver
 +
 
 +
== Video Solution ==
 +
 https://youtu.be/zfChnbMGLVQ?t=2683
 +
 
 +
==See Also==
 +
{{AMC10 box|year=2016|ab=B|num-b=7|num-a=9}}
 +
{{MAA Notice}}

Latest revision as of 21:41, 20 November 2024

Problem

What is the tens digit of $2015^{2016}-2017?$

$\textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 1 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 3 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 5 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 8$

Solution 1

Notice that, for $n\ge 2$, $2015^n\equiv 15^n$ is congruent to $25\pmod{100}$ when $n$ is even and $75\pmod{100}$ when $n$ is odd. (Check for yourself). Since $2016$ is even, $2015^{2016} \equiv 25\pmod{100}$ and $2015^{2016}-2017 \equiv 25 - 17 \equiv \underline{0}8\pmod{100}$.

So the answer is $\textbf{(A)}\ \boxed{0}$.

Solution 2

In a very similar fashion, we find that $2015^{2016} \equiv 15^{2016} \pmod{100}$, which equals $225^{1008}$. Next, since every power (greater than $0$) of every number ending in $25$ will end in $25$ (which can easily be verified), we get $225^{1008} \equiv 25 \pmod{100}$. (In this way, we don't have to worry about the exponent very much.) Finally, $2017 \equiv 17 \pmod{100}$, and thus $2015^{2016}-2017 \equiv 25-17 \equiv 08 \pmod{100}$, as above.

Solution 3 (exponent pattern)

Since we only need the tens digits, we only need to care about the multiplication of tens and ones. (If you want to use mathematical terms then we only need to look at the exponents in $mod 100$.) We will use the "$\equiv$" sign to denote congruence in modulus, basically taking the last two digits and ignoring everything else.

\[\begin{split} 15^{1}\equiv15 \\ 15^{2}\equiv25 \end{split}\] From here we only need to multiply $15\cdot25$ and we can ignore the hundreds digits. \[\begin{split} 15^{3}\equiv75 \\ 15^{4}\equiv25 \\ 15^{5}\equiv75 \end{split}\] Notice that for every $x\neq1$, $15^{x}\equiv25$ if $x$ is even, and $15^{x}\equiv75$ if $x$ is odd. Since $2015^{2016}$ has an even exponent, we conclude that the last two digits will be $25$, and subtracting $25-17=\underline{0}8 \Longrightarrow \boxed{\textbf{(A)}\ 0}$. ~JH. L

Video Solution (CREATIVE THINKING)

https://youtu.be/jDHIJ8o4VSA

~Education, the Study of Everything



Video Solution

https://youtu.be/GVPF6CcCugU

~savannahsolver

Video Solution

 https://youtu.be/zfChnbMGLVQ?t=2683

See Also

2016 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 7 		Followed by
Problem 9
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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