Difference between revisions of "2014 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 21"
Football017 (talk | contribs) m |
(→Solution 3) |
||
(12 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown) | |||
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
[[Category: Introductory Geometry Problems]] | [[Category: Introductory Geometry Problems]] | ||
− | ==Solution== | + | ==Solution 1== |
<asy> | <asy> | ||
Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
C = (10,0); | C = (10,0); | ||
D = (0,0); | D = (0,0); | ||
− | |||
− | |||
CC = (10,7); | CC = (10,7); | ||
DD = (0,7); | DD = (0,7); | ||
Line 27: | Line 25: | ||
label("$C$",C,SE); | label("$C$",C,SE); | ||
label("$D$",D,SW); | label("$D$",D,SW); | ||
+ | label("$E$",DD,N); | ||
+ | label("$F$",CC,N); | ||
draw(C--CC); draw(D--DD); | draw(C--CC); draw(D--DD); | ||
</asy> | </asy> | ||
Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
<math>h^2 = 196-(12-x)^2</math>. | <math>h^2 = 196-(12-x)^2</math>. | ||
− | Setting these equal, we have <math>100-x^2 = 196 - 144 + 24x -x^2 \implies 24x = 48 \implies x = 2</math>. Now, we can determine that <math>h^2 = 100-4 \implies h = \sqrt{ | + | Setting these equal, we have <math>100-x^2 = 196 - 144 + 24x -x^2 \implies 24x = 48 \implies x = 2</math>. Now, we can determine that <math>h^2 = 100-4 \implies h = 4\sqrt{6}</math>. |
<asy> | <asy> | ||
Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
label("$C$",C,SE); | label("$C$",C,SE); | ||
label("$D$",D,SW); | label("$D$",D,SW); | ||
+ | label("$D$",D,SW); | ||
+ | label("$E$",DD,SE); | ||
+ | label("$F$",CC,SW); | ||
draw(C--CC); draw(D--DD); | draw(C--CC); draw(D--DD); | ||
label("21",(CC+DD)/2,N); | label("21",(CC+DD)/2,N); | ||
label("$2$",(A+DD)/2,N); | label("$2$",(A+DD)/2,N); | ||
label("$10$",(CC+B)/2,N); | label("$10$",(CC+B)/2,N); | ||
− | label("$\sqrt{ | + | label("$4\sqrt{6}$",(C+CC)/2,W); |
− | label("$\sqrt{ | + | label("$4\sqrt{6}$",(D+DD)/2,E); |
pair X = (-2,0); | pair X = (-2,0); | ||
//draw(X--C--A--cycle,black+2bp); | //draw(X--C--A--cycle,black+2bp); | ||
</asy> | </asy> | ||
− | The two diagonals are <math>\overline{AC}</math> and <math>\overline{BD}</math>. Using the Pythagorean theorem again on <math>\bigtriangleup AFC</math> and <math>\bigtriangleup BED</math>, we can find these lengths to be <math>\sqrt{96+529} = 25</math> and <math>\sqrt{96+961} = \sqrt{1057}</math>. Since <math>\sqrt{96+529}<\sqrt{96+961}</math>, <math>25</math> is the shorter length, so the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(B) }25}</math>. | + | The two diagonals are <math>\overline{AC}</math> and <math>\overline{BD}</math>. Using the Pythagorean theorem again on <math>\bigtriangleup AFC</math> and <math>\bigtriangleup BED</math>, we can find these lengths to be <math>\sqrt{96+529} = 25</math> and <math>\sqrt{96+961} = \sqrt{1057}</math>. Since <math>\sqrt{96+529}<\sqrt{96+961}</math>, <math>25</math> is the shorter length*, so the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(B) }25}</math>. |
+ | |||
+ | *Or, alternatively, one can notice that the two triangles have the same height but <math>\bigtriangleup AFC</math> has a shorter base than <math>\bigtriangleup BED</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 2== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | size(7cm); | ||
+ | pair A,B,C,D,E; | ||
+ | A = (-2,7); | ||
+ | B = (14,7); | ||
+ | C = (10,0); | ||
+ | D = (0,0); | ||
+ | E = (4,7); | ||
+ | draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); | ||
+ | draw(D--E); | ||
+ | label("21",(C+D)/2,S); | ||
+ | label("10",(A+D)/2,W); | ||
+ | label("14",(12,1),E); | ||
+ | label("14",(2,1),E); | ||
+ | label("12",(A+E)/2,N); | ||
+ | label("21",(E+B)/2,N); | ||
+ | label("$A$",A,NW); | ||
+ | label("$B$",B,NE); | ||
+ | label("$C$",C,SE); | ||
+ | label("$D$",D,SW); | ||
+ | label("$D$",D,SW); | ||
+ | label("$E$",E,N); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
+ | |||
+ | The area of <math>\Delta AED</math> is by Heron's, <math>4\sqrt{9(4)(3)(2)}=24\sqrt{6}</math>. This makes the length of the altitude from <math>D</math> onto <math>\overline{AE}</math> equal to <math>4\sqrt{6}</math>. One may now proceed as in Solution <math>1</math> to obtain an answer of <math>\boxed{\textbf{(B) }25}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 3== | ||
+ | Using the same way as Solution 1, obtain that AE=2. Let us assume that point G is point A moving in a straight line down until it touches DC if DC was extended both ways by infinity. We know that GC=23. Thus the answer would be the square root of (23 square and (4*square root of 6) square). Thus we get 625. Square root of 625 would be 25. | ||
+ | -Reality Writes | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{AMC10 box|year=2014|ab=B|num-b=20|num-a=22}} | {{AMC10 box|year=2014|ab=B|num-b=20|num-a=22}} | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} |
Latest revision as of 09:18, 23 September 2021
Problem
Trapezoid has parallel sides
of length
and
of length
. The other two sides are of lengths
and
. The angles
and
are acute. What is the length of the shorter diagonal of
?
Solution 1
In the diagram, .
Denote
and
. In right triangle
, we have from the Pythagorean theorem:
. Note that since
, we have
. Using the Pythagorean theorem in right triangle
, we have
.
We isolate the term in both equations, getting
and
.
Setting these equal, we have . Now, we can determine that
.
The two diagonals are and
. Using the Pythagorean theorem again on
and
, we can find these lengths to be
and
. Since
,
is the shorter length*, so the answer is
.
- Or, alternatively, one can notice that the two triangles have the same height but
has a shorter base than
.
Solution 2
The area of is by Heron's,
. This makes the length of the altitude from
onto
equal to
. One may now proceed as in Solution
to obtain an answer of
.
Solution 3
Using the same way as Solution 1, obtain that AE=2. Let us assume that point G is point A moving in a straight line down until it touches DC if DC was extended both ways by infinity. We know that GC=23. Thus the answer would be the square root of (23 square and (4*square root of 6) square). Thus we get 625. Square root of 625 would be 25. -Reality Writes
See Also
2014 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 20 |
Followed by Problem 22 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.