Difference between revisions of "2019 AIME I Problems/Problem 10"
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<cmath> (x-z_1)^3(x-z_2)^3 \cdots (x-z_{673})^3 </cmath>can be expressed as <math>x^{2019} + 20x^{2018} + 19x^{2017}+g(x)</math>, where <math>g(x)</math> is a polynomial with complex coefficients and with degree at most <math>2016</math>. The value of | <cmath> (x-z_1)^3(x-z_2)^3 \cdots (x-z_{673})^3 </cmath>can be expressed as <math>x^{2019} + 20x^{2018} + 19x^{2017}+g(x)</math>, where <math>g(x)</math> is a polynomial with complex coefficients and with degree at most <math>2016</math>. The value of | ||
<cmath> \left| \sum_{1 \le j <k \le 673} z_jz_k \right| </cmath>can be expressed in the form <math>\tfrac{m}{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m+n</math>. | <cmath> \left| \sum_{1 \le j <k \le 673} z_jz_k \right| </cmath>can be expressed in the form <math>\tfrac{m}{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m+n</math>. | ||
− | ==Solution== | + | |
+ | ==Solution 1== | ||
In order to begin this problem, we must first understand what it is asking for. The notation | In order to begin this problem, we must first understand what it is asking for. The notation | ||
<cmath> \left| \sum_{1 \le j <k \le 673} z_jz_k \right| </cmath> | <cmath> \left| \sum_{1 \le j <k \le 673} z_jz_k \right| </cmath> | ||
Line 32: | Line 33: | ||
~Ish_Sahh | ~Ish_Sahh | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 3== | ||
+ | Let <math>x=\sum_{1\le j<k\le 673} z_jz_k</math>. By Vieta's, <cmath>3\sum_{i=1}^{673}z_i=-20\implies \sum_{i=1}^{673}z_i=-\frac{20}3.</cmath>Then, consider the <math>19x^{2017}</math> term. To produce the product of two roots, the two roots can either be either <math>(z_i,z_i)</math> for some <math>i</math>, or <math>(z_j,z_k)</math> for some <math>j<k</math>. In the former case, this can happen in <math>\tbinom 32=3</math> ways, and in the latter case, this can happen in <math>3^2=9</math> ways. Hence, | ||
+ | <cmath> | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | 19=3\sum_{i=1}^{673} z_i^2+9\sum_{1\le j<k\le 673} z_jz_k=3\left(\left(-\frac{20}3\right)^2-2x\right)+9x&=\frac{400}3+3x\\ | ||
+ | \implies x&=-\frac{343}9, | ||
+ | \end{align*} | ||
+ | </cmath> | ||
+ | and the requested sum is <math>343+9=\boxed{352}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | (Solution by TheUltimate123) | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{AIME box|year=2019|n=I|num-b=9|num-a=11}} | {{AIME box|year=2019|n=I|num-b=9|num-a=11}} | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} |
Revision as of 20:02, 15 March 2019
The 2019 AIME I takes place on March 13, 2019.
Problem 10
For distinct complex numbers , the polynomial
can be expressed as
, where
is a polynomial with complex coefficients and with degree at most
. The value of
can be expressed in the form
, where
and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find
.
Solution 1
In order to begin this problem, we must first understand what it is asking for. The notation
simply asks for the absolute value of the sum of the product of the distinct unique roots of the polynomial taken two at a time or
Call this sum
.
Now we can begin the problem. Rewrite the polynomial as . Then we have that the roots of
are
.
By Vieta's formulas, we have that the sum of the roots of is
. Thus,
Similarly, we also have that the the sum of the roots of taken two at a time is
This is equal to
Now we need to find and expression for in terms of
. We note that
Thus,
.
Plugging this into our other Vieta equation, we have . This gives
. Since 343 is relatively prime to 9,
.
Solution 2
This is a quick fake solve using where
and only
.
By Vieta's, and
Rearranging gives
and
giving
.
Substituting gives which simplifies to
,
,
,
~Ish_Sahh
Solution 3
Let . By Vieta's,
Then, consider the
term. To produce the product of two roots, the two roots can either be either
for some
, or
for some
. In the former case, this can happen in
ways, and in the latter case, this can happen in
ways. Hence,
and the requested sum is
.
(Solution by TheUltimate123)
See Also
2019 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 9 |
Followed by Problem 11 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.