Difference between revisions of "2011 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 16"
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==Video Solution== | ==Video Solution== |
Revision as of 14:40, 13 December 2020
Problem
Each vertex of convex pentagon is to be assigned a color. There are
colors to choose from, and the ends of each diagonal must have different colors. How many different colorings are possible?
Solution
We can do some casework when working our way around the pentagon from to
. At each stage, there will be a makeshift diagram.
1.) For , we can choose any of the 6 colors.
A : 6
2.) For , we can either have the same color as
, or any of the other 5 colors. We do this because each vertex of the pentagon is affected by the 2 opposite vertices, and
will be affected by both
and
.
A : 6 B:1 B:5
3.) For , we cannot have the same color as
. Also, we can have the same color as
(
will be affected), or any of the other 4 colors. Because
can't be the same as
, it can't be the same as
if
is the same as
, so it can be any of the 5 other colors.
A : 6 B:1 B:5 C:5 C:4 C:1
4.) is affected by
and
. If they are the same, then
can be any of the other 5 colors. If they are different, then
can be any of the (6-2)=4 colors.
A : 6 B:1 B:5 C:5 C:4 C:1 D:5 D:4 D:4
5.) is affected by
and
. If they are the same, then
can be any of the other 5 colors. If they are different, then
can be any of the (6-2)=4 colors.
A : 6 B:1 B:5 C:5 C:4 C:1 D:5 D:4 D:4 E:4 E:4 E:5
6.) Now, we can multiply these three paths and add them:
7.) Our answer is !
Solution 2
Right off the bat, we can analyze three things:
1.) There can only be two of the same color on the pentagon.
2.) Any pair of the same color can only be next to each other on the pentagon.
3.) There can only be two different pairs of same colors on the pentagon at once.
Now that we know this, we can solve the problem by using three cases: no same color pairs, one same color pair, and two same color pairs.
1.) If there are no color pairs, it is a simple permutation: six different colors in five different spots. We count cases. No rotation is necessary because all permutations are accounted for.
2.)If there is one color pair, we must count 6 possibilities for the pair(as one element), 5 for the third vertex, 4 for the fourth vertex, and 3 for the fifth vertex.
We get .
However, there are 5 different locations the pair could be at. Therefore we get possibilities for one pair.
3.)If there are two color pairs, we must count 6 possibilities for the first pair(as one element), 5 possibilities for the next pair(as one element), and 4 possibilities for the final vertex.
We get .
Once again, there are 5 different rotations in the pentagon that we must account for. Therefore we get possibilities for two pairs.
5.) If we add all of three cases together, we get . The answer is
.
Solution by gsaelite
Video Solution
~IceMatrix
See also
2011 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 15 |
Followed by Problem 17 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.