Difference between revisions of "2011 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 25"
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It's well-known that <math>\angle BOC=2A</math>, <math>\angle BIC=90+\frac{A}{2}</math>, and <math>\angle BHC=180-A</math> (verifiable by angle chasing). Then, as <math>A=60</math>, it follows that <math>\angle BOC=\angle BIC=\angle BHC=120</math> and consequently pentagon <math>BCOIH</math> is cyclic. Observe that <math>BC=1</math> is fixed, whence the circumcircle of cyclic pentagon <math>BCOIH</math> is also fixed. Similarly, as <math>OB=OC</math>(both are radii), it follows that <math>O</math> and also <math>[BCO]</math> is fixed. Since <math>[BCOIH]=[BCO]+[BOIH]</math> is maximal, it suffices to maximize <math>[BOIH]</math>. | It's well-known that <math>\angle BOC=2A</math>, <math>\angle BIC=90+\frac{A}{2}</math>, and <math>\angle BHC=180-A</math> (verifiable by angle chasing). Then, as <math>A=60</math>, it follows that <math>\angle BOC=\angle BIC=\angle BHC=120</math> and consequently pentagon <math>BCOIH</math> is cyclic. Observe that <math>BC=1</math> is fixed, whence the circumcircle of cyclic pentagon <math>BCOIH</math> is also fixed. Similarly, as <math>OB=OC</math>(both are radii), it follows that <math>O</math> and also <math>[BCO]</math> is fixed. Since <math>[BCOIH]=[BCO]+[BOIH]</math> is maximal, it suffices to maximize <math>[BOIH]</math>. | ||
− | Verify that <math>\angle IBC=\frac{B}{2}</math>, <math>\angle HBC=90-C</math> by angle chasing; it follows that <math>\angle IBH=\angle HBC-\angle IBC=90-C-\frac{B}{2}=\frac{A}{2}-\frac{C}{2}=30-\frac{C}{2}</math> since <math>A+B+C=180\implies\frac{A}{2}+\frac{B}{2}+\frac{C}{2}=90</math> by Triangle Angle Sum. Similarly, <math>\angle OBC= | + | Verify that <math>\angle IBC=\frac{B}{2}</math>, <math>\angle HBC=90-C</math> by angle chasing; it follows that <math>\angle IBH=\angle HBC-\angle IBC=90-C-\frac{B}{2}=\frac{A}{2}-\frac{C}{2}=30-\frac{C}{2}</math> since <math>A+B+C=180\implies\frac{A}{2}+\frac{B}{2}+\frac{C}{2}=90</math> by Triangle Angle Sum. Similarly, <math>\angle OBC=(180-120)/2=30</math> (isosceles base angles are equal), whence <cmath>\angle IBO=\angle IBC-\angle OBC=\frac{B}{2}-30=60-\frac{A}{2}-\frac{C}{2}=30-\frac{C}{2}</cmath> so <math>IH=IO</math> by Inscribed Angles. |
There are two ways to proceed. | There are two ways to proceed. |
Revision as of 16:04, 28 September 2013
Problem
Triangle has , , , and . Let , , and be the orthocenter, incenter, and circumcenter of , respectively. Assume that the area of pentagon is the maximum possible. What is ?
Solution
Let , , for convenience.
It's well-known that , , and (verifiable by angle chasing). Then, as , it follows that and consequently pentagon is cyclic. Observe that is fixed, whence the circumcircle of cyclic pentagon is also fixed. Similarly, as (both are radii), it follows that and also is fixed. Since is maximal, it suffices to maximize .
Verify that , by angle chasing; it follows that since by Triangle Angle Sum. Similarly, (isosceles base angles are equal), whence so by Inscribed Angles.
There are two ways to proceed.
Letting and be the circumcenter and circumradius, respectively, of cyclic pentagon , the most straightforward is to write , whence and, using the fact that is fixed, maximize with Jensen's Inequality.
A more elegant way is shown below.
Lemma: is maximized only if .
Proof by contradiction: Suppose is maximized when . Let be the midpoint of minor arc be and the midpoint of minor arc . Then since the altitude from to is greater than that from to ; similarly . Taking , to be the new orthocenter, incenter, respectively, this contradicts the maximality of , so our claim follows.
With our lemma() and from above:
-Solution by thecmd999
See also
2011 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 24 |
Followed by Last Problem |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
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