Difference between revisions of "2017 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 17"

Revision as of 23:46, 12 February 2017

Problem

There are $24$ different complex numbers $z$ such that $z^{24}=1$ . For how many of these is $z^6$ a real number?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 4 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 6 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 12 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 24$

Solution 1

Note that these $z$ such that $z^{24}=1$ are $e^{\frac{ni\pi}{12}}$ for integer $0\leq n<24$ . So

$z^6=e^{\frac{ni\pi}{2}}$

This is real iff $\frac{n}{2}\in \mathbb{Z} \Leftrightarrow (n$ is even $)$ . Thus, the answer is the number of even $0\leq n<24$ which is $\boxed{(D)=\ 12}$ .

Solution 2

$z = \sqrt[24]{1} = 1^{\frac{1}{24}}$

By Euler's identity, $1 = e^{0 \times i} = \cos (0+2k\pi) + i \sin(0+2k\pi)$ , where $k$ is an integer.

Using De Moivre's Theorem, we have $z = 1^{\frac{1}{24}} = {\cos (\frac{k\pi}{12}) + i \sin (\frac{k\pi}{12})}$ , where $0 \leq k<24$ that produce $24$ unique results.

Using De Moivre's Theorem again, we have $z^6 = {\cos (\frac{k\pi}{2}) + i \sin (\frac{k\pi}{2})}$

For $z^6$ to be real, $\sin(\frac{k\pi}{2})$ has to equal $0$ to negate the imaginary component. This occurs whenever $\frac{k\pi}{2}$ is an integer multiple of $\pi$ , requiring that $k$ is even. There are exactly $\boxed{12}$ even values of $k$ on the interval $0 \leq k<24$ , so the answer is $\boxed{(D)}$ .

Solution 3

From the start, recall from the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra that $z^{24} = 1$ must have $24$ solutions (and these must be distinct since the equation factors into $0 = (z-1)(z^{23} + z^{22} + z^{21}... + z + 1)$ ), or notice that the question is simply referring to the 24th roots of unity, of which we know there must be $24$ . Notice that $1 = z^{24} = (z^6)^4$ , so for any solution $z$ , $z^6$ will be one of the 4th roots of unity ( $1$ , $i$ , $-1$ , or $-i$ ). Then $6$ solutions $z$ will satisfy $z^6 = 1$ , $6$ will satisfy $z^6 = -1$ (and this is further justified by knowledge of the 6th roots of unity), so there must be $\boxed{(D) 12}$ such $z$ .

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 ==Solution 3==
-From the start, recall from the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra that <math>z^{24} = 1</math> must have <math>24</math> solutions (and these must be distinct since the equation factors into <math>0 = (z-1)(z^{23} + z^{22} + z^{21}... + z + 1)</math>), or notice that the question is simply referring to the 24th roots of unity, of which we know there must be <math>24</math>. Notice that <math>1 = z^{24} = (z^6)^4</math>, so for any solution <math>z</math>, <math>z^6</math> will be one of the 4th roots of unity (<math>1</math>, <math>i</math>, <math>-1</math>, and <math>-i</math>). Then <math>6</math> solutions <math>z</math> will satisfy <math>z^6 = 1</math>, <math>6</math> will satisfy <math>z^6 = -1</math> (and this is further justified by knowledge of the 6th roots of unity), so there must be <math>\boxed{(D) 12}</math> such <math>z</math>.
+From the start, recall from the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra that <math>z^{24} = 1</math> must have <math>24</math> solutions (and these must be distinct since the equation factors into <math>0 = (z-1)(z^{23} + z^{22} + z^{21}... + z + 1)</math>), or notice that the question is simply referring to the 24th roots of unity, of which we know there must be <math>24</math>. Notice that <math>1 = z^{24} = (z^6)^4</math>, so for any solution <math>z</math>, <math>z^6</math> will be one of the 4th roots of unity (<math>1</math>, <math>i</math>, <math>-1</math>, or <math>-i</math>). Then <math>6</math> solutions <math>z</math> will satisfy <math>z^6 = 1</math>, <math>6</math> will satisfy <math>z^6 = -1</math> (and this is further justified by knowledge of the 6th roots of unity), so there must be <math>\boxed{(D) 12}</math> such <math>z</math>.
 ==See Also==
 {{AMC12 box|year=2017|ab=A|num-b=16|num-a=18}}
 {{MAA Notice}}

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