Difference between revisions of "2009 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 25"
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== Solution 2== | == Solution 2== | ||
− | This is based on a clever bijection given in [http:// | + | This is based on a clever bijection given in [http://web2.slc.qc.ca/sh/Contest/AMC12_2009B-S.pdf this page]. |
Consider any square <math>ABCD</math> where all four vertices are in <math>G</math>, and the side length is at least <math>6</math>, so the four vertices must lie in distinct quadrants (Same proof as in solution 1). Without loss of generality, assume that <math>A,B,C,D</math> are in the first, second, third, fourth quadrant. Then we consider the following mapping: | Consider any square <math>ABCD</math> where all four vertices are in <math>G</math>, and the side length is at least <math>6</math>, so the four vertices must lie in distinct quadrants (Same proof as in solution 1). Without loss of generality, assume that <math>A,B,C,D</math> are in the first, second, third, fourth quadrant. Then we consider the following mapping: |
Revision as of 22:26, 25 January 2020
Contents
Problem
The set is defined by the points
with integer coordinates,
,
. How many squares of side at least
have their four vertices in
?
Solution
We need to find a reasonably easy way to count the squares.
First, obviously the maximum distance between two points in the same quadrant is , hence each square has exactly one vertex in each quadrant.
Given any square, we can circumscribe another axes-parallel square around it. In the picture below, the original square is red and the circumscribed one is blue.
Let's now consider the opposite direction. Assume that we picked the blue square, how many different red squares do share it?
Answering this question is not as simple as it may seem. Consider the picture below. It shows all three red squares that share the same blue square. In addition, the picture shows a green square that is not valid, as two of its vertices are in bad locations.
The size of the blue square can range from to
, and for the intermediate sizes there is more than one valid placement. We will now examine the cases one after another. Also, we can use symmetry to reduce the number of cases.
size upper_right solutions symmetries total 6 (3,3) 1 1 1 7 (3,3) 1 4 4 8 (3,3) 1 4 4 8 (3,4) 1 4 4 8 (4,4) 3 1 3 9 (3,3) 1 4 4 9 (3,4) 1 8 8 9 (4,4) 3 4 12 10 (3,3) 1 4 4 10 (3,4) 1 8 8 10 (3,5) 1 4 4 10 (4,4) 3 4 12 10 (4,5) 3 4 12 10 (5,5) 5 1 5 11 (4,4) 3 4 12 11 (4,5) 3 8 24 11 (5,5) 5 4 20 12 (5,5) 5 4 20 12 (5,6) 5 4 20 12 (6,6) 7 1 7 13 (6,6) 7 4 28 14 (7,7) 9 1 9
Summing the last column, we get that the answer is .
Solution 2
This is based on a clever bijection given in this page.
Consider any square where all four vertices are in
, and the side length is at least
, so the four vertices must lie in distinct quadrants (Same proof as in solution 1). Without loss of generality, assume that
are in the first, second, third, fourth quadrant. Then we consider the following mapping:
Then the new points ,
,
,
are either being the same point or forming a square in
, a 5x5 grid.
Conversely, for any point in , it can be reversed to a square
; however, for any square in
, there are four possible squares
that were mapped to them. Therefore the number of possible squares
is equal to
, where
is the number of squares inscribed in
.
Moreover by the same idea in solution 1, each square (with sides parallel or slanted to the axes) in a can be inscribed in a square in
, with sides parallel to one of the axes, call it "standard square". Noticing that each standard square of side length
corresponds to
inscribed squares, and that there are
number of standard squares of side length
, we have
So the answer is
See Also
2009 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 24 |
Followed by Last Question |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.