Difference between revisions of "2016 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 20"
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− | As above, note that there are 21 teams, and call them A, B, C, ... T, U. WLOG, assume that A beat teams B-L and lost to teams M-U. We will count the number of sets satisfying the “cycle-win” condition—e.g. here, A beats a team in X which beats a team in Y which beats A. The first and third part of the condition are already met by our wlog, so we just need to count of number of ways the second condition is true (a team in X beats a team in Y). These are the number of cycle-wins that include A, then multiply by 21 (for each team) and divide by 3 (since every set will be counted by each of the 3 teams that are | + | As above, note that there are 21 teams, and call them A, B, C, ... T, U. WLOG, assume that A beat teams B-L and lost to teams M-U. We will count the number of sets satisfying the “cycle-win” condition—e.g. here, A beats a team in X which beats a team in Y which beats A. The first and third part of the condition are already met by our wlog, so we just need to count of number of ways the second condition is true (a team in X beats a team in Y). These are the number of cycle-wins that include A, then multiply by 21 (for each team) and divide by 3 (since every set will be counted by each of the 3 teams that are a part of that set). |
To do this, let X<math>=\{B, ..., L\}</math> and Y<math>=\{M, ..., U\}</math>. Since a total of <math>10*10=100</math> losses total were suffered by teams in Y and <math>\binom{10}{2}=45^{*}</math> losses were suffered by teams in Y from teams in Y, we have <math>100-45=55</math> losses suffered by teams in Y from teams in X. Hence, for each of these <math>55</math> losses, there is exactly one set of three teams that includes A that satisfies the problem conditions. Thus, the answer is <math>\frac{55\cdot 21}{3}=\boxed{385}</math>. | To do this, let X<math>=\{B, ..., L\}</math> and Y<math>=\{M, ..., U\}</math>. Since a total of <math>10*10=100</math> losses total were suffered by teams in Y and <math>\binom{10}{2}=45^{*}</math> losses were suffered by teams in Y from teams in Y, we have <math>100-45=55</math> losses suffered by teams in Y from teams in X. Hence, for each of these <math>55</math> losses, there is exactly one set of three teams that includes A that satisfies the problem conditions. Thus, the answer is <math>\frac{55\cdot 21}{3}=\boxed{385}</math>. |
Revision as of 15:29, 15 July 2023
Contents
[hide]Problem
A set of teams held a round-robin tournament in which every team played every other team exactly once. Every team won games and lost games; there were no ties. How many sets of three teams were there in which beat , beat , and beat
Solution 1
We use complementary counting. First, because each team played other teams, there are teams total. All sets that do not have beat , beat , and beat have one team that beats both the other teams. Thus we must count the number of sets of three teams such that one team beats the two other teams and subtract that number from the total number of ways to choose three teams.
There are ways to choose the team that beat the two other teams, and to choose two teams that the first team both beat. This is sets. There are sets of three teams total. Subtracting, we obtain , thus is our answer.
Solution 2
As above, note that there are 21 teams, and call them A, B, C, ... T, U. WLOG, assume that A beat teams B-L and lost to teams M-U. We will count the number of sets satisfying the “cycle-win” condition—e.g. here, A beats a team in X which beats a team in Y which beats A. The first and third part of the condition are already met by our wlog, so we just need to count of number of ways the second condition is true (a team in X beats a team in Y). These are the number of cycle-wins that include A, then multiply by 21 (for each team) and divide by 3 (since every set will be counted by each of the 3 teams that are a part of that set).
To do this, let X and Y. Since a total of losses total were suffered by teams in Y and losses were suffered by teams in Y from teams in Y, we have losses suffered by teams in Y from teams in X. Hence, for each of these losses, there is exactly one set of three teams that includes A that satisfies the problem conditions. Thus, the answer is .
the number of ways that two teams in Y play each other — each face-off guarantees 1 loss (and 1 win)
Solution 3 (very very risky—only try if you're running out of time)
Note that there are teams total and ways to pick The possible arrangements are one team beats the other two or they each win/lose equally (we want the second case). Approximately of all the arrangements satisfy the second case, and which is by far the closest to
See Also
2016 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 19 |
Followed by Problem 21 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.