Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

2020 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 9

Revision as of 04:08, 17 April 2021 by MRENTHUSIASM (talk | contribs) (Added in the Remark Section. I will return.)

Problem

How many solutions does the equation $\tan(2x)=\cos(\tfrac{x}{2})$ have on the interval $[0,2\pi]?$

$\textbf{(A)}\ 1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 2\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 3\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 4\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 5$

Solution 1

Draw a graph of $\tan(2x)$ and $\cos(\tfrac{x}{2})$

$\tan(2x)$ has a period of $\tfrac{\pi}{2},$ asymptotes at $x = \tfrac{\pi}{4}+\tfrac{k\pi}{2},$ and zeroes at $\tfrac{k\pi}{2}$. It is positive from $(0,\tfrac{\pi}{4}) \cup (\tfrac{\pi}{2},\tfrac{3\pi}{4}) \cup (\pi,\tfrac{5\pi}{4}) \cup (\tfrac{3\pi}{2},\tfrac{7\pi}{4})$ and negative elsewhere.

cos$(\tfrac{x}{2})$ has a period of $4\pi$ and zeroes at $\pi$. It is positive from $[0,\pi)$ and negative elsewhere.

Drawing such a graph would get $\boxed{\textbf{E) }5}$ ~lopkiloinm

Or you could see the points at which both graphs are positive or both are negative, again yielding 5 such areas. -hi13

edited by - annabelle0913

Solution 2

To find the asymptotes of $\tan(2x)$ we consider the behaviour of $\tan(x)$ on $[0,4\pi]$. Then we see that there are five separate continuous parts of the graph splitting the plane into regions. Since $\cos(\frac{x}{2})$ is continuous it must intersect each of the five pieces of $\tan$ at least once. But since $\tan(2x)$ is increasing and $\cos(\frac{x}{2})$ is decreasing on the interval and continuous increasing functions and decreasing functions can intersect at most once, there are $\boxed{\textbf{E) }5}$ intersections. -codecow

Remark

The graphs of $f(x)=\tan(2x)$ and $g(x)=\cos(\tfrac{x}{2})$ are shown below:

Graph in Desmos: ...

~MRENTHUSIASM

See Also

2020 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 8 		Followed by
Problem 10
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2020_AMC_12A_Problems/Problem_9&oldid=151759"