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2016 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 16

Revision as of 13:56, 21 February 2016 by I dont do math (talk | contribs) (→‎Solution: Added a solution)

Problem

The sum of an infinite geometric series is a positive number $S$, and the second term in the series is $1$. What is the smallest possible value of $S?$

$\textbf{(A)}\ \frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 2 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \sqrt{5} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 3 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 4$


Solution

The sum of an infinite geometric series is of the form: \[\begin{split} S & = \frac{a_1}{1-r} \end{split}\] where $a_1$ is the first term and $r$ is the ratio whose absolute value is less than 1.

We know that the second term is the first term multiplied by the ratio. In other words: \[\begin{split} a_1*r & = 1 \\ a_1 & = \frac{1}{r} \end{split}\]

Thus, the sum is the following: \[\begin{split} S & = \frac{\frac{1}{r}}{1-r} \\ S & =\frac{1}{r-r^2} \end{split}\]

Since we want the minimum value of this expression, we want the maximum value for the denominator, $-r^2$ $+$ $r$. The maximum x-value of a quadratic with negative $a$ is $\frac{-b}{2a}$. \[\begin{split} r & = \frac{-(1)}{2(-1)} \\ r & = \frac{1}{2} \end{split}\]

Plugging $r$ $=$ $\frac{1}{2}$ into the quadratic yields: \[\begin{split} S & = \frac{1}{\frac{1}{2} -(\frac{1}{2})^2} \\ S & = \frac{1}{\frac{1}{4}} \end{split}\]

Therefore, the minimum sum of our infinite geometric sequence is $\boxed{\textbf{(E)}\ 4}$.

Solution 2

After observation we realize that in order to minimize our sum $\frac{a}{1-r}$ with $a$ being the reciprocal of r, the common ratio $r$ has to be in the form of $1/x$ with $x$ being an integer as anything more than $1$ divided by $x$ would give a larger sum than a ratio in the form of $1/x$.

With further observation we realize that in order for the 2nd term to be $1$, the first term has to be $x$. So than in order to minimize the sum, we minimize have to $x$.

The smallest possible value for $x$ such that it is an integer that's greater than $1$ is $2$. So our first term is $2$ and our common ratio is $1/2$. Thus the sum is $\frac{2}{1/2}$ or $\boxed{\textbf{(E)}\ 4}$. Solution 2 by I_Dont_Do_Math (Solution edited by akaashp11)

See Also

2016 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 15 		Followed by
Problem 17
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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