2019 AIME I Problems/Problem 15
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[hide]Problem 15
Let be a chord of a circle , and let be a point on the chord . Circle passes through and and is internally tangent to . Circle passes through and and is internally tangent to . Circles and intersect at points and . Line intersects at and . Assume that , , , and , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .
Solution 1
Let and be the centers of and , respectively. There is a homothety at sending to that sends to and to , so . Similarly, , so is a parallelogram. Moreover, whence is cyclic. However, so is an isosceles trapezoid. Since , , so is the midpoint of .
By Power of a Point, . Since and , and the requested sum is .
(Solution by TheUltimate123)
Solution 2
Let the tangents to at and intersect at . Then, since , lies on the radical axis of and , which is . It follows that Let denote the midpoint of . By the Midpoint of Harmonic Bundles Lemma, whence . Like above, . Since , we establish that , from which , and the requested sum is .
(Solution by TheUltimate123)
Solution 3
Firstly we need to notice that is the middle point of . Assume the center of circle are , respectively. Then are collinear and are collinear. Link . Notice that, . As a result, and . So we have parallelogram . So Notice that, and divide into two equal length pieces, So we have . As a result, lie on one circle. So . Notice that , we have . As a result, . So is the middle point of .
Back to our problem. Assume , and . Then we have , that is, . Also, . Solve these above, we have . As a result, we have . So, we have . As a result, our answer is .
Solution By BladeRunnerAUG (Fanyuchen20020715).
Solution 4
Note that the tangents to the circles at and intersect at a point on by radical center. Then, since and , we have so is cyclic. But if is the center of , clearly is cyclic with diameter , so is the midpoint of . Then, by Power of a Point, and it is given that . Thus so and the answer is .
Solution 5 (Easy)
First we solve for with PoAP, . Notice that is rational but is not, also . The most likely explanation for this is that is the midpoint of , so that and . Then our answer is .
-Albert Einstein
See Also
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