2021 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 19
Contents
Problem
Suppose that is a finite set of positive integers. If the greatest integer in
is removed from
, then the average value (arithmetic mean) of the integers remaining is
. If the least integer is
is [i]also[/i] removed, then the average value of the integers remaining is
. If the greatest integer is then returned to the set, the average value of the integers rises of
. The greatest integer in the original set
is
greater than the least integer in
. What is the average value of all the integers in the set
Solution 1
Let the lowest value be L and the highest G, and let the sum be Z and the amount of numbers n. We have ,
,
, and
. Clearing denominators gives
,
, and
. We use
to turn the first equation into
, which gives
. Turning the second into
we see
and
so the average is
~aop2014
Solution 2 (much more thorough version of Sol 1)
Let in increasing order. There are
integers in this set.
The greatest integer in is
, so we need to remove this and get the average as
. There are
total terms. Thus,
The least integer is Removing it, we have
Finally, adding back we have
Since the greatest integer in the original set is
greater than the least integer in
, we have
Substituting this into the third equation, we have Rearranging, this becomes
But the LHS of this equation is the same as the LHS of the first equation! Equating them, we have , which means
Let's plug into all of our previous equations. We have the following system:
We're asked to find the average of , which is
Let's focus on the numerator. We can find
by subtracting the second equation from the first, to get
We can also find
by subtracting the second equation from the third, to get
We also know to equal
. So when we sum up our three values, we get
Therefore, the sum of the values is , and finding the average in
terms we have
-PureSwag
Video Solution by OmegaLearn (System of Equations)
~ pi_is_3.14
2021 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
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Followed by Problem 20 | |
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