2022 AIME I Problems/Problem 15
Contents
Problem
Let and be positive real numbers satisfying the system of equations: Then can be written as where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find
Solution 1 (geometric interpretation)
First, we note that we can let a triangle exist with side lengths , , and opposite altitude . This shows that the third side, which is the nasty square-rooted sum, is going to have the length equal to the sum on the right - let this be for symmetry purposes. So, we note that if the angle opposite the side with length has a value of , then the altitude has length and thus so and the triangle side with length is equal to .
We can symmetrically apply this to the two other triangles, and since by law of sines, we have is the circumradius of that triangle. Hence. we calculate that with , and , the angles from the third side with respect to the circumcenter are , and . This means that by half angle arcs, we see that we have in some order, , , and (not necessarily this order, but here it does not matter due to symmetry), satisfying that , , and . Solving, we get , , and .
We notice that
- kevinmathz
Solution 2 (pure algebraic trig, easy to follow)
(This eventually whittles down to the same concept as Solution 1)
Note that in each equation in this system, it is possible to factor , , or from each term (on the left sides), since each of , , and are positive real numbers. After factoring out accordingly from each terms one of , , or , the system should look like this: This should give off tons of trigonometry vibes. To make the connection clear, , , and is a helpful substitution: From each equation can be factored out, and when every equation is divided by 2, we get: which simplifies to (using the Pythagorean identity ): which further simplifies to (using sine addition formula ): Without loss of generality, taking the inverse sine of each equation yields a simple system: giving solutions , , . Since these unknowns are directly related to our original unknowns, there are consequent solutions for those: , , and . When plugging into the expression , noting that helps to simplify this expression into:
Now, all the cosines in here are fairly standard: , , and . With some final calculations: This is our answer in simplest form , so
-Oxymoronic15
solution 3
Let , rewrite those equations
;
square both sides, get three equations:
Getting that
Subtract first and third equation, getting ,
Put it in first equation, getting ,
Since , the final answer is the final answer is
~bluesoul
Solution 4
Denote , , . Hence, the system of equations given in the problem can be written as
Each equation above takes the following form:
Now, we simplify this equation by removing radicals.
Denote and .
Hence, the equation above implies
Hence, . Hence, .
Because and , we get . Plugging this into the equation and simplifying it, we get
Therefore, the system of equations above can be simplified as
Denote . The system of equations above can be equivalently written as
Taking , we get
Thus, we have either or .
: .
Equation (2') implies .
Plugging and into Equation (2), we get contradiction. Therefore, this case is infeasible.
: .
Plugging this condition into (1') to substitute , we get
Taking , we get
Taking (4) + (5), we get
Hence, .
Therefore,
Therefore, the answer is . \end{solution}
~Steven Chen (www.professorchenedu.com)
Video Solution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihKUZ5itcdA
~Steven Chen (www.professorchenedu.com)
See Also
2022 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
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