2019 AIME I Problems/Problem 6

1 Problem
2 Solution 1 (Trig)
3 Solution 2 (Cyclic Quads, PoP)
4 Solution 3 (Similar triangles)
5 Solution 4 (Similar triangles, orthocenters)
6 Solution 5 (Algebraic Bashing)
7 Solution 6 (5-second PoP)
8 Solution 7 (Alternative PoP)
- 8.1 Remark: Length of OQ
9 Solution8 (just one pair of similar triangles)
10 Solution 9 (Pythagoras Bash)
11 Video Solution
12 Video Solution 2
13 Video Solution 3
14 See Also

Problem

In convex quadrilateral $KLMN$ side $\overline{MN}$ is perpendicular to diagonal $\overline{KM}$ , side $\overline{KL}$ is perpendicular to diagonal $\overline{LN}$ , $MN = 65$ , and $KL = 28$ . The line through $L$ perpendicular to side $\overline{KN}$ intersects diagonal $\overline{KM}$ at $O$ with $KO = 8$ . Find $MO$ .

Solution 1 (Trig)

Let $\angle MKN=\alpha$ and $\angle LNK=\beta$ . Let $P$ be the project of $L$ onto line $NK$ . Note $\angle KLP=\beta$ .

Then, $KP=28\sin\beta=8\cos\alpha$ . Furthermore, $KN=\frac{65}{\sin\alpha}=\frac{28}{\sin\beta} \Rightarrow 65\sin\beta=28\sin\alpha$ .

Dividing the equations gives $\frac{65}{28}=\frac{28\sin\alpha}{8\cos\alpha}=\frac{7}{2}\tan\alpha\Rightarrow \tan\alpha=\frac{65}{98}$

Thus, $MK=\frac{MN}{\tan\alpha}=98$ , so $MO=MK-KO=\boxed{090}$ .

Solution 2 (Cyclic Quads, PoP)

$[asy] size(250); real h = sqrt(98^2+65^2); real l = sqrt(h^2-28^2); pair K = (0,0); pair N = (h, 0); pair M = ((98^2)/h, (98*65)/h); pair L = ((28^2)/h, (28*l)/h); pair P = ((28^2)/h, 0); pair O = ((28^2)/h, (8*65)/h); draw(K--L--N); draw(K--M--N--cycle); draw(L--M); label("K", K, SW); label("L", L, NW); label("M", M, NE); label("N", N, SE); draw(L--P); label("P", P, S); dot(O); label("O", shift((1,1))*O, NNE); label("28", scale(1/2)*L, W); label("65", ((M.x+N.x)/2, (M.y+N.y)/2), NE); [/asy]$

Because $\angle KLN = \angle KMN = 90^{\circ}$ , $KLMN$ is a cyclic quadrilateral. Hence, by Power of Point, $KO\cdot KM = KL^2 \implies KM=\dfrac{28^2}{8}=98 \implies MO=98-8=\boxed{090}$ as desired.

~Mathkiddie

Solution 3 (Similar triangles)

$[asy] size(250); real h = sqrt(98^2+65^2); real l = sqrt(h^2-28^2); pair K = (0,0); pair N = (h, 0); pair M = ((98^2)/h, (98*65)/h); pair L = ((28^2)/h, (28*l)/h); pair P = ((28^2)/h, 0); pair O = ((28^2)/h, (8*65)/h); draw(K--L--N); draw(K--M--N--cycle); draw(L--M); label("K", K, SW); label("L", L, NW); label("M", M, NE); label("N", N, SE); draw(L--P); label("P", P, S); dot(O); label("O", shift((1,1))*O, NNE); label("28", scale(1/2)*L, W); label("65", ((M.x+N.x)/2, (M.y+N.y)/2), NE); [/asy]$

First, let $P$ be the intersection of $LO$ and $KN$ as shown above. Note that $m\angle KPL = 90^{\circ}$ as given in the problem. Since $\angle KPL \cong \angle KLN$ and $\angle PKL \cong \angle LKN$ , $\triangle PKL \sim \triangle LKN$ by AA similarity. Similarly, $\triangle KMN \sim \triangle KPO$ . Using these similarities we see that $\frac{KP}{KL} = \frac{KL}{KN}$ $KP = \frac{KL^2}{KN} = \frac{28^2}{KN} = \frac{784}{KN}$ and $\frac{KP}{KO} = \frac{KM}{KN}$ $KP = \frac{KO \cdot KM}{KN} = \frac{8\cdot KM}{KN}$ Combining the two equations, we get $\frac{8\cdot KM}{KN} = \frac{784}{KN}$ $8 \cdot KM = 28^2$ $KM = 98$ Since $KM = KO + MO$ , we get $MO = 98 -8 = \boxed{090}$ .

Solution by vedadehhc

Solution 4 (Similar triangles, orthocenters)

Extend $KL$ and $NM$ past $L$ and $M$ respectively to meet at $P$ . Let $H$ be the intersection of diagonals $KM$ and $LN$ (this is the orthocenter of $\triangle KNP$ ).

As $\triangle KOL \sim \triangle KHP$ (as $LO \parallel PH$ , using the fact that $H$ is the orthocenter), we may let $OH = 8k$ and $LP = 28k$ .

Then using similarity with triangles $\triangle KLH$ and $\triangle KMP$ we have

$\frac{28}{8+8k} = \frac{8+8k+HM}{28+28k}$

Cross-multiplying and dividing by $4+4k$ gives $2(8+8k+HM) = 28 \cdot 7 = 196$ so $MO = 8k + HM = \frac{196}{2} - 8 = \boxed{090}$ . (Solution by scrabbler94)

Solution 5 (Algebraic Bashing)

First, let $P$ be the intersection of $LO$ and $KN$ . We can use the right triangles in the problem to create equations. Let $a=NP, b=PK, c=NO, d=OM, e=OP, f=PC,$ and $g=NC.$ We are trying to find $d.$ We can find $7$ equations. They are $4225+d^2=c^2,$ $4225+d^2+16d+64=a^2+2ab+b^2,$ $a^2+e^2=c^2,$ $b^2+e^2=64,$ $b^2+e^2+2ef+f^2=784,$ $a^2+e^2+2ef+f^2=g^2,$ and $g^2+784=a^2+2ab+b^2.$ We can subtract the fifth equation from the sixth equation to get $a^2-b^2=g^2-784.$ We can subtract the fourth equation from the third equation to get $a^2-b^2=c^2-64.$ Combining these equations gives $c^2-64=g^2-784$ so $g^2=c^2+720.$ Substituting this into the seventh equation gives $c^2+1504=a^2+2ab+b^2.$ Substituting this into the second equation gives $4225+d^2+16d+64=c^2+1504$ . Subtracting the first equation from this gives $16d+64=1504.$ Solving this equation, we find that $d=\boxed{090}.$ (Solution by DottedCaculator)

Solution 6 (5-second PoP)

$[asy] size(8cm); pair K, L, M, NN, X, O; K=(-sqrt(98^2+65^2)/2, 0); NN=(sqrt(98^2+65^2)/2, 0); L=sqrt(98^2+65^2)/2*dir(180-2*aSin(28/sqrt(98^2+65^2))); M=sqrt(98^2+65^2)/2*dir(2*aSin(65/sqrt(98^2+65^2))); X=foot(L, K, NN); O=extension(L, X, K, M); draw(K -- L -- M -- NN -- K -- M); draw(L -- NN); draw(arc((K+NN)/2, NN, K)); draw(L -- X, dashed); draw(arc((O+NN)/2, NN, X), dashed); draw(rightanglemark(K, L, NN, 100)); draw(rightanglemark(K, M, NN, 100)); draw(rightanglemark(L, X, NN, 100)); dot("$K$", K, SW); dot("$L$", L, unit(L)); dot("$M$", M, unit(M)); dot("$N$", NN, SE); dot("$X$", X, S); [/asy]$ Notice that $KLMN$ is inscribed in the circle with diameter $\overline{KN}$ and $XOMN$ is inscribed in the circle with diameter $\overline{ON}$ . Furthermore, $(XLN)$ is tangent to $\overline{KL}$ . Then, $KO\cdot KM=KX\cdot KN=KL^2\implies KM=\frac{28^2}{8}=98,$ and $MO=KM-KO=\boxed{090}$ .

(Solution by TheUltimate123)

If you're wondering why $KX \cdot KN=KL^2,$ it's because PoP on $(XLN)$ or by $KX \cdot KN=KX \cdot (KX+XN)=KX^2+KX \cdot XN=KX^2+LX^2=KL^2$ (last part by geometric mean theorem / similarity).

Note: the "semicircle" circumscribing points XOMN is not a semicircle. That is just there to tell you that X, O, M, N are indeed concyclic, so ignore the subtlety of the diagram that makes O seems slightly off the marks than it should be.

Solution 7 (Alternative PoP)

$[asy] size(250); real h = sqrt(98^2+65^2); real l = sqrt(h^2-28^2); pair K = (0,0); pair N = (h, 0); pair M = ((98^2)/h, (98*65)/h); pair L = ((28^2)/h, (28*l)/h); pair P = ((28^2)/h, 0); pair O = ((28^2)/h, (8*65)/h); draw(K--L--N); draw(K--M--N--cycle); draw(L--M); label("K", K, SW); label("L", L, NW); label("M", M, NE); label("N", N, SE); draw(L--P); label("P", P, S); dot(O); label("O", shift((1,1))*O, NNE); label("28", scale(1/2)*L, W); label("65", ((M.x+N.x)/2, (M.y+N.y)/2), NE); [/asy]$

(Diagram by vedadehhc)

Call the base of the altitude from $L$ to $NK$ point $P$ . Let $PO=x$ . Now, we have that $KP=\sqrt{64-x^2}$ by the Pythagorean Theorem. Once again by Pythagorean, $LO=\sqrt{720+x^2}-x$ . Using Power of a Point, we have

$(KO)(OM)=(LO)(OQ)$ ( $Q$ is the intersection of $OL$ with the circle $\neq L$ )

$8(MO)=(\sqrt{720+x^2}-x)(\sqrt{720+x^2}+x)$

$8(MO)=720$

$MO=\boxed{090}$ .

(Solution by RootThreeOverTwo) $\[\]$

Remark: Length of OQ

Since $P$ is on the circle’s diameter, $QP = LP = \sqrt{720+x^2}$ . So, $OQ = PQ + PO = x + \sqrt{720+x^2}+x)$ . ~diyarv

Solution8 (just one pair of similar triangles)

$[asy] size(250); real h = sqrt(98^2+65^2); real l = sqrt(h^2-28^2); pair K = (0,0); pair N = (h, 0); pair M = ((98^2)/h, (98*65)/h); pair L = ((28^2)/h, (28*l)/h); pair P = ((28^2)/h, 0); pair O = ((28^2)/h, (8*65)/h); draw(K--L--N); draw(K--M--N--cycle); draw(L--M); label("K", K, SW); label("L", L, NW); label("M", M, NE); label("N", N, SE); draw(L--P); label("P", P, S); dot(O); label("O", shift((1,1))*O, NNE); label("28", scale(1/2)*L, W); label("65", ((M.x+N.x)/2, (M.y+N.y)/2), NE); [/asy]$ Note that since $\angle KLN = \angle KMN$ , quadrilateral $KLMN$ is cyclic. Therefore, we have $\angle LMK = \angle LNK = 90^{\circ} - \angle LKN = \angle KLP,$ so $\triangle KLO \sim \triangle KML$ , giving $\frac{KM}{28} = \frac{28}{8} \implies KM = 98.$ Therefore, $OM = 98-8 = \boxed{90}$ .

Solution 9 (Pythagoras Bash)

$[asy] size(250); real h = sqrt(98^2+65^2); real l = sqrt(h^2-28^2); pair K = (0,0); pair N = (h, 0); pair M = ((98^2)/h, (98*65)/h); pair L = ((28^2)/h, (28*l)/h); pair P = ((28^2)/h, 0); pair O = ((28^2)/h, (8*65)/h); draw(K--L--N); draw(K--M--N--cycle); draw(L--M); label("K", K, SW); label("L", L, NW); label("M", M, NE); label("N", N, SE); draw(L--P); label("P", P, S); dot(O); label("O", shift((1,1))*O, NNE); label("28", scale(1/2)*L, W); label("65", ((M.x+N.x)/2, (M.y+N.y)/2), NE); [/asy]$

By Pythagorean Theorem, $KM^2+65^2 = KN^2 = 28^2 + LN^2$ . Thus, $LN^2 = KM^2 + 65^2 - 28^2$ .

By Pythagorean Theorem, $KP^2 + LP^2 = 28^2$ , and $PN^2 + LP^2 = LN^2$ .

$PN^2 = (KN - KP)^2 = (\sqrt{KM^2 + 65^2} - KP)^2$

It follows that $(\sqrt{KM^2 + 65^2} - KP)^2 + LP^2 = KM^2 + 65^2 - 28^2$

$KM^2 + 65^2 - 2\sqrt{KM^2 + 65^2}(KP) + KP^2 + LP^2 = KM^2 + 65^2 - 28^2$

Since $KP^2 + LP^2 = 28^2$ , $KM^2 + 65^2 - 2\sqrt{KM^2 + 65^2}(KP) + 28^2 = KM^2 + 65^2 - 28^2$

$-2\sqrt{KM^2 + 65^2}(KP) = -2 \times 28^2$

$KP = \frac{28^2}{\sqrt{KM^2 + 65^2}}$

$\angle OKP = \angle NKM$ (it's the same angle) and $\angle OPK = \angle KMN = 90^{\circ}$ . Thus, $\triangle KOP \sim \triangle KNM$ .

Thus,

$\frac{KO}{KN} = \frac{KP}{KM}$

$\frac{8}{\sqrt{KM^2 + 65^2}} = \frac{\frac{28^2}{\sqrt{KM^2 + 65^2}}}{KM}$

Multiplying both sides by $\sqrt{KM^2 + 65^2}$ :

$8 = \frac{28^2}{KM}$

$KM = 98$

Therefore, $OM = 98-8 = \boxed{90}$

~ Solution by adam_zheng

Video Solution

Video Solution: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AXF-5SsLc8

Video Solution 2

https://youtu.be/I-8xZGhoDUY

~Shreyas S

Video Solution 3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pP3cih_8bg4

2019 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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2019 AIME I Problems/Problem 6

Contents

Problem

Solution 1 (Trig)

Solution 2 (Cyclic Quads, PoP)

Solution 3 (Similar triangles)

Solution 4 (Similar triangles, orthocenters)

Solution 5 (Algebraic Bashing)

Solution 6 (5-second PoP)

Solution 7 (Alternative PoP)

Remark: Length of OQ

Solution8 (just one pair of similar triangles)

Solution 9 (Pythagoras Bash)

Video Solution

Video Solution 2

Video Solution 3

See Also