Difference between revisions of "1992 AHSME Problems/Problem 17"

Revision as of 13:51, 8 August 2020

Problem

The 2-digit integers from 19 to 92 are written consecutively to form the integer $N=192021\cdots9192$ . Suppose that $3^k$ is the highest power of 3 that is a factor of $N$ . What is $k$ ?

$\text{(A) } 0\quad \text{(B) } 1\quad \text{(C) } 2\quad \text{(D) } 3\quad \text{(E) more than } 3$

Solution

Solution 1

We can determine if our number is divisible by $3$ or $9$ by summing the digits. Looking at the one's place, we can start out with $0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9$ and continue cycling though the numbers from $0$ through $9$ . For each one of these cycles, we add $0 + 1 + ... + 9 = 45$ . This is divisible by $9$ , thus we can ignore the sum. However, this excludes $19$ , $90$ , $91$ and $92$ . These remaining units digits sum up to $9 + 1 + 2 = 12$ , which means our units sum is $3 \pmod 9$ . As for the tens digits, for $2, 3, 4, \cdots , 8$ we have $10$ sets of those: $\frac{8 \cdot 9}{2} - 1 = 35,$ which is congruent to $8 \pmod 9$ . We again have $19, 90, 91$ and $92$ , so we must add $1 + 9 \cdot 3 = 28$ to our total. $28$ is congruent to $1 \pmod 9$ . Thus our sum is congruent to $3 \pmod 9$ , and $k = 1 \implies \boxed{B}$ .

Solution 2

Every number is congruent to its digit sum mod $9$ , so $N \equiv 1+9+2+0+...+9+2 \pmod 9,$ but applying the result in reverse, $1+9 \equiv 19$ , $2+0 \equiv 20$ , etc., so the sum just become $19+20+...+92 \pmod 9.$ We can simplify this using the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series, giving $\frac{1}{2} \times 74 \times (19+92) = 37 \times 111$ , which is congruent to $1 \times 3 = 3 \pmod 9$ , as before. Hence our answer is $\boxed{\text{(B) } 1}$ .

1992 AHSME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 16	Followed by Problem 18
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 • 26 • 27 • 28 • 29 • 30
All AHSME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 == Solution ==
+=== Solution 1===
 We can determine if our number is divisible by <math>3</math> or <math>9</math> by summing the digits. Looking at the one's place, we can start out with <math>0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9</math> and continue cycling though the numbers from <math>0</math> through <math>9</math>. For each one of these cycles, we add <math>0 + 1 + ... + 9 = 45</math>. This is divisible by <math>9</math>, thus we can ignore the sum. However, this excludes <math>19</math>, <math>90</math>, <math>91</math> and <math>92</math>. These remaining units digits sum up to <math>9 + 1 + 2 = 12</math>, which means our units sum is <math>3 \pmod 9</math>. As for the tens digits, for <math>2, 3, 4, \cdots , 8</math> we have <math>10</math> sets of those: <cmath>\frac{8 \cdot 9}{2} - 1 = 35,</cmath> which is congruent to <math>8 \pmod 9</math>. We again have <math>19, 90, 91</math> and <math>92</math>, so we must add <cmath>1 + 9 \cdot 3 = 28</cmath> to our total. <math>28</math> is congruent to <math>1 \pmod 9</math>. Thus our sum is congruent to <math>3 \pmod 9</math>, and <math>k = 1
 \implies \boxed{B}</math>.
-== Alternate Solution ==
+=== Solution 2===
-Every number is congruent to its digit sum mod <math>9</math>, so <math>N</math> is congruent to <math>1+9+2+0+...+9+2</math> mod <math>9</math>, but applying the result in reverse, <math>1+9</math> is congruent to <math>19</math>, <math>2+0</math> is congruent to <math>20</math>, etc., so the sum just become <math>19+20+...+92</math> mod <math>9</math>. We can simplify this using the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series, giving <math>\frac{1}{2} \times 74 \times (19+92) = 37 \times 111</math>, which is congruent to <math>1 \times 3 = 3</math> mod <math>9</math>, as before.
+Every number is congruent to its digit sum mod <math>9</math>, so <cmath>N \equiv 1+9+2+0+...+9+2 \pmod 9,</cmath> but applying the result in reverse, <math>1+9 \equiv 19</math>, <math>2+0 \equiv 20</math>, etc., so the sum just become <cmath>19+20+...+92 \pmod 9.</cmath> We can simplify this using the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series, giving <math>\frac{1}{2} \times 74 \times (19+92) = 37 \times 111</math>, which is congruent to <math>1 \times 3 = 3 \pmod 9</math>, as before. Hence our answer is <math>\boxed{\text{(B) } 1}</math>.
 == See also ==

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