Difference between revisions of "2012 AIME II Problems/Problem 15"
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== Problem 15 == | == Problem 15 == | ||
Triangle <math>ABC</math> is inscribed in circle <math>\omega</math> with <math>AB=5</math>, <math>BC=7</math>, and <math>AC=3</math>. The bisector of angle <math>A</math> meets side <math>\overline{BC}</math> at <math>D</math> and circle <math>\omega</math> at a second point <math>E</math>. Let <math>\gamma</math> be the circle with diameter <math>\overline{DE}</math>. Circles <math>\omega</math> and <math>\gamma</math> meet at <math>E</math> and a second point <math>F</math>. Then <math>AF^2 = \frac mn</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m+n</math>. | Triangle <math>ABC</math> is inscribed in circle <math>\omega</math> with <math>AB=5</math>, <math>BC=7</math>, and <math>AC=3</math>. The bisector of angle <math>A</math> meets side <math>\overline{BC}</math> at <math>D</math> and circle <math>\omega</math> at a second point <math>E</math>. Let <math>\gamma</math> be the circle with diameter <math>\overline{DE}</math>. Circles <math>\omega</math> and <math>\gamma</math> meet at <math>E</math> and a second point <math>F</math>. Then <math>AF^2 = \frac mn</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m+n</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Quick Solution using Olympiad Terms == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Take a force-overlaid inversion about <math>A</math> and note <math>D</math> and <math>E</math> map to each other. As <math>DE</math> was originally the diameter of <math>\gamma</math>, <math>DE</math> is still the diameter of <math>\gamma</math>. Thus <math>\gamma</math> is preserved. Note that the midpoint <math>M</math> of <math>BC</math> lies on <math>\gamma</math>, and <math>BC</math> and <math>\omega</math> are swapped. Thus points <math>F</math> and <math>M</math> map to each other, and are isogonal. It follows that <math>AF</math> is a symmedian of <math>\triangle{ABC}</math>, or that <math>ABFC</math> is harmonic. Then <math>(AB)(FC)=(BF)(CA)</math>, and thus we can let <math>BF=5x, CF=3x</math> for some <math>x</math>. By the LoC, it is easy to see <math>\angle{BAC}=120^\circ</math> so <math>(5x)^2+(3x)^2-2\cos{60^\circ}(5x)(3x)=49</math>. Solving gives <math>x^2=\frac{49}{19}</math>, from which by Ptolemy's we see <math>AF=\frac{30}{\sqrt{19}}</math>. We conclude the answer is <math>900+19=\boxed{919}</math>, as desired. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''- Emathmaster''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Quick Side Note: You might be wondering what the motivation for this solution is. Most of the people who've done EGMO Chapter 8 should recognize this as problem 8.32 (2009 Russian Olympiad) with the computational finish afterwards. | ||
+ | Now if you haven't done this, but still know what inversion is, here's the motivation. We'd see that it's kinda hard to angle chase, and if we could, it would still be a bit hard to apply (you could use trig, but it won't be so clean most likely). If you give up after realizing that angle chasing won't work, you'd likely go in a similar approach to Solution 1 (below) or maybe be a bit more insightful and go with the elementary solution above. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Finally, we notice there's circles! Classic setup for inversion! Since we're involving an angle-bisector, the first thing that comes to mind is a force overlaid inversion described in Lemma 8.16 of EGMO (where we invert with radius <math>\sqrt{AB \cdot AC}</math> and center <math>A</math>, then reflect over the <math>A</math>-angle bisector, which fixes <math>B, C</math>). We try applying this to the problem, and it's fruitful - we end up with this solution. | ||
+ | -MSC | ||
== Solution 1== | == Solution 1== | ||
− | Use the angle bisector theorem to find <math>CD=21 | + | Use the angle bisector theorem to find <math>CD=\frac{21}{8}</math>, <math>BD=\frac{35}{8}</math>, and use Stewart's Theorem to find <math>AD=\frac{15}{8}</math>. Use Power of the Point to find <math>DE=\frac{49}{8}</math>, and so <math>AE=8</math>. Use law of cosines to find <math>\angle CAD = \frac{\pi} {3}</math>, hence <math>\angle BAD = \frac{\pi}{3}</math> as well, and <math>\triangle BCE</math> is equilateral, so <math>BC=CE=BE=7</math>. |
I'm sure there is a more elegant solution from here, but instead we'll do some hairy law of cosines: | I'm sure there is a more elegant solution from here, but instead we'll do some hairy law of cosines: | ||
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==Solution 3== | ==Solution 3== | ||
<asy> | <asy> | ||
− | pair E; | + | size(6cm); |
− | real z=3 | + | pair E,X,B,C,A,D,M,F,R,I; |
+ | real z=sqrt(3)*14/3; | ||
+ | real y=2*sqrt(3)/21; | ||
+ | real x=224*sqrt(3)/57; | ||
E=(z,0); | E=(z,0); | ||
+ | X=(0,0); | ||
+ | D=(sqrt(3)*7/6,-7/8); | ||
+ | M=(sqrt(3)*7/6,0); | ||
+ | B=z/2*dir(60); | ||
+ | C=z/2*dir(300); | ||
+ | A=(y,-8/7); | ||
+ | F=(x,-sqrt(3)*x/4); | ||
+ | R=circumcenter(A,B,C); | ||
+ | I=circumcenter(M,E,F); | ||
+ | draw(E--X); | ||
+ | draw(A--E); | ||
+ | draw(A--B); | ||
+ | draw(A--C); | ||
+ | draw(B--C); | ||
+ | draw(A--F); | ||
+ | draw(X--F); | ||
+ | draw(E--F); | ||
+ | draw(circumcircle(A,B,C)); | ||
+ | draw(circumcircle(M,F,E)); | ||
+ | dot(D); | ||
+ | dot(F); | ||
+ | dot(A); | ||
+ | dot(B); | ||
+ | dot(C); | ||
+ | dot(E); | ||
+ | dot(X); | ||
+ | dot(R); | ||
+ | dot(I); | ||
+ | label("$A$",A,dir(220)); | ||
+ | label("$B$",B,dir(110)); | ||
+ | label("$C$",C,dir(250)); | ||
+ | label("$D$",D,dir(60)); | ||
+ | label("$E$",E,dir(0)); | ||
+ | label("$F$",F,dir(315)); | ||
+ | label("$X$",X,dir(180)); | ||
</asy> | </asy> | ||
+ | First of all, use the [[Angle Bisector Theorem]] to find that <math>BD=35/8</math> and <math>CD=21/8</math>, and use [[Stewart's Theorem]] to find that <math>AD=15/8</math>. Then use [[Power of a Point Theorem|Power of a Point]] to find that <math>DE=49/8</math>. Then use the [[Circumradius|circumradius of a triangle]] formula to find that the length of the circumradius of <math>\triangle ABC</math> is <math>\frac{7\sqrt{3}}{3}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Since <math>DE</math> is the diameter of circle <math>\gamma</math>, <math>\angle DFE</math> is <math>90^\circ</math>. Extending <math>DF</math> to intersect circle <math>\omega</math> at <math>X</math>, we find that <math>XE</math> is the diameter of the circumcircle of <math>\triangle ABC</math> (since <math>\angle DFE</math> is <math>90^\circ</math>). Therefore, <math>XE=\frac{14\sqrt{3}}{3}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>EF=x</math>, <math>XD=a</math>, and <math>DF=b</math>. Then, by the [[Pythagorean Theorem]], | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>x^2+b^2=\left(\frac{49}{8}\right)^2=\frac{2401}{64}</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | and | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>x^2+(a+b)^2=\left(\frac{14\sqrt{3}}{3}\right)^2=\frac{196}{3}.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subtracting the first equation from the second, the <math>x^2</math> term cancels out and we obtain: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>(a+b)^2-b^2=\frac{196}{3}-\frac{2401}{64}</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>a^2+2ab = \frac{5341}{192}.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | By Power of a Point, <math>ab=BD \cdot DC=735/64=2205/192</math>, so | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>a^2+2 \cdot \frac{2205}{192}=\frac{5341}{192}</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>a^2=\frac{931}{192}.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Since <math>a=XD</math>, <math>XD=\frac{7\sqrt{19}}{8\sqrt{3}}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Because <math>\angle EXF</math> and <math>\angle EAF</math> intercept the same arc in circle <math>\omega</math> and the same goes for <math>\angle XFA</math> and <math>\angle XEA</math>, <math>\angle EXF\cong\angle EAF</math> and <math>\angle XFA\cong\angle XEA</math>. Therefore, <math>\triangle XDE\sim\triangle ADF</math> by [[Similarity (geometry)|AA Similarity]]. Since side lengths in similar triangles are proportional, | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>\frac{AF}{\frac{15}{8}}=\frac{\frac{14\sqrt{3}}{3}}{\frac{7\sqrt{19}}{8\sqrt{3}}}</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>\frac{AF}{\frac{15}{8}}=\frac{16}{\sqrt{19}}</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>AF \cdot \sqrt{19} = 30</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>AF = \frac{30}{\sqrt{19}}.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | However, the problem asks for <math>AF^2</math>, so <math>AF^2 = \frac{900}{19}\implies 900 + 19 = \boxed{919}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''-Solution by TheBoomBox77''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 4== | ||
+ | It can be verified with law of cosines that <math>\angle BAC=120^\circ.</math> Also, <math>E</math> is the midpoint of major arc <math>BC</math> so <math>BE=CE,</math> and <math>\angle BEC=60^\circ.</math> Thus <math>CBE</math> is equilateral. Notice now that <math>\angle BFC=\angle BFE= 60.</math> But <math>\angle DFE=90</math> so <math>FD</math> bisects <math>\angle BFC.</math> Thus, <math>\frac{BF}{CF}=\frac{BD}{CD}=\frac{BA}{CA}=\frac{5}{3}.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>BF=5a, CF=3a.</math> By law of cosines on <math>BFC</math> we find <math>a\sqrt{5^2+3^2-5*3}=a\sqrt{19}=7.</math> But by ptolemy on <math>BFCA</math>, <math>15a+15a=7*AF,</math> so <math>AF= \frac{30}{\sqrt{19}},</math> so <math>AF^2=\frac{900}{19}</math> and the answer is <math>900+19=\boxed{919}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~abacadaea | ||
+ | |||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
{{AIME box|year=2012|n=II|num-b=14|after=Last Problem}} | {{AIME box|year=2012|n=II|num-b=14|after=Last Problem}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Intermediate Geometry Problems]] | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} |
Revision as of 23:07, 28 December 2020
Contents
Problem 15
Triangle is inscribed in circle with , , and . The bisector of angle meets side at and circle at a second point . Let be the circle with diameter . Circles and meet at and a second point . Then , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .
Quick Solution using Olympiad Terms
Take a force-overlaid inversion about and note and map to each other. As was originally the diameter of , is still the diameter of . Thus is preserved. Note that the midpoint of lies on , and and are swapped. Thus points and map to each other, and are isogonal. It follows that is a symmedian of , or that is harmonic. Then , and thus we can let for some . By the LoC, it is easy to see so . Solving gives , from which by Ptolemy's we see . We conclude the answer is , as desired.
- Emathmaster
Quick Side Note: You might be wondering what the motivation for this solution is. Most of the people who've done EGMO Chapter 8 should recognize this as problem 8.32 (2009 Russian Olympiad) with the computational finish afterwards. Now if you haven't done this, but still know what inversion is, here's the motivation. We'd see that it's kinda hard to angle chase, and if we could, it would still be a bit hard to apply (you could use trig, but it won't be so clean most likely). If you give up after realizing that angle chasing won't work, you'd likely go in a similar approach to Solution 1 (below) or maybe be a bit more insightful and go with the elementary solution above.
Finally, we notice there's circles! Classic setup for inversion! Since we're involving an angle-bisector, the first thing that comes to mind is a force overlaid inversion described in Lemma 8.16 of EGMO (where we invert with radius and center , then reflect over the -angle bisector, which fixes ). We try applying this to the problem, and it's fruitful - we end up with this solution. -MSC
Solution 1
Use the angle bisector theorem to find , , and use Stewart's Theorem to find . Use Power of the Point to find , and so . Use law of cosines to find , hence as well, and is equilateral, so .
I'm sure there is a more elegant solution from here, but instead we'll do some hairy law of cosines:
(1)
Adding these two and simplifying we get:
(2). Ah, but (since lies on ), and we can find using the law of cosines:
, and plugging in we get .
Also, , and (since is on the circle with diameter ), so .
Plugging in all our values into equation (2), we get:
, or .
Finally, we plug this into equation (1), yielding:
. Thus,
or The answer is .
Solution 2
Let , , for convenience. We claim that is a symmedian. Indeed, let be the midpoint of segment . Since , it follows that and consequently . Therefore, . Now let . Since is a diameter, lies on the perpendicular bisector of ; hence , , are collinear. From , it immediately follows that quadrilateral is cyclic. Therefore, , implying that is a symmedian, as claimed.
The rest is standard; here's a quick way to finish. From above, quadrilateral is harmonic, so . In conjunction with , it follows that . (Notice that this holds for all triangles .) To finish, substitute , , to obtain as before.
-Solution by thecmd999
Solution 3
First of all, use the Angle Bisector Theorem to find that and , and use Stewart's Theorem to find that . Then use Power of a Point to find that . Then use the circumradius of a triangle formula to find that the length of the circumradius of is .
Since is the diameter of circle , is . Extending to intersect circle at , we find that is the diameter of the circumcircle of (since is ). Therefore, .
Let , , and . Then, by the Pythagorean Theorem,
and
Subtracting the first equation from the second, the term cancels out and we obtain:
By Power of a Point, , so
Since , .
Because and intercept the same arc in circle and the same goes for and , and . Therefore, by AA Similarity. Since side lengths in similar triangles are proportional,
However, the problem asks for , so .
-Solution by TheBoomBox77
Solution 4
It can be verified with law of cosines that Also, is the midpoint of major arc so and Thus is equilateral. Notice now that But so bisects Thus,
Let By law of cosines on we find But by ptolemy on , so so and the answer is
~abacadaea
See Also
2012 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 14 |
Followed by Last Problem | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
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