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Difference between revisions of "2019 AIME II Problems/Problem 15"

(→‎Solution 3)
(→‎Solution 4 (Clean))
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==Solution 4 (Clean)==
 
==Solution 4 (Clean)==
 +
[[File:2019 AIME II 15.png|400px|right]]
 
This solution is directly based of @CantonMathGuy's solution.
 
This solution is directly based of @CantonMathGuy's solution.
 
We start off with a key claim.
 
We start off with a key claim.
Line 87: Line 88:
 
<i> Claim. </i> <math>XB \parallel AC</math> and <math>YC \parallel AB</math>.
 
<i> Claim. </i> <math>XB \parallel AC</math> and <math>YC \parallel AB</math>.
  
−
<i> Proof. </i> Let <math>H_p</math> and <math>H_q</math> denote the reflections of the orthocenter over points <math>P</math> and <math>Q</math>, respectively. Since <math>H_p H_q \parallel XY</math> and <math>H_p H_q = 2 PQ = XP + PQ + QY = XY</math>, we have that <math>H_p X Y H_q</math> is a rectangle. Then, since <math>\angle XYH_q = 90^\circ</math> we obtain <math>\angle XBH_q = 90^\circ</math> (which directly follows from <math>XBYH_q</math> being cyclic); hence <math>\angle XBQ = \angle AQB</math>, or <math>XB \parallel AQ \implies XB \parallel AC</math>. Similarly, we can obtain <math>YC \parallel AB</math>.
+
<i> Proof. </i>
  
 +
Let <math>E</math> and <math>F</math> denote the reflections of the orthocenter over points <math>P</math> and <math>Q</math>, respectively. Since
  
−
A direct result of this claim is that <math>\triangle BPX \sim \triangle APQ \sim \triangle CYQ</math>. Thus, we can set <math>AP = 5k</math> and <math>BP = 2k</math>, then applying Power of a Point on <math>P</math> we get <math>10 \cdot 40 = 10k^2 \implies k = 2\sqrt{10} \implies AB = 14 \sqrt{10}</math>. Also, we can set <math>AQ = 5l</math> and <math>CQ = 3l</math> and once again applying Power of a Point (but this time to <math>Q</math>) we get <math>15 \cdot 35 = 15l^2 \implies l = \sqrt{35} \implies AC = 8 \sqrt{35}</math>. Hence, <math>AB \cdot AC = 112 \sqrt{350} = 112 \cdot 5 \sqrt{14} = 560 \sqrt{14}</math> and the answer is <math>560 + 14 = \boxed{574}</math>. ~rocketsri
+
<math>EF \parallel XY</math> and <math>EF = 2 PQ = XP + PQ + QY = XY</math>,
  
 +
we have that <math>E X Y F</math> is a rectangle.
 +
 +
Then, since <math>\angle XYF = 90^\circ</math> we obtain <math>\angle XBF = 90^\circ</math> (which directly follows from <math>XBYF</math> being cyclic);
 +
 +
hence <math>\angle XBQ = \angle AQB</math>, or <math>XB \parallel AQ \implies XB \parallel AC</math>.
 +
 +
Similarly, we can obtain <math>YC \parallel AB</math>.
 +
 +
A direct result of this claim is that <math>\triangle BPX \sim \triangle APQ \sim \triangle CYQ</math>.
 +
 +
Thus, we can set <math>AP = 5k</math> and <math>BP = 2k</math>, then applying Power of a Point on <math>P</math> we get <math>10 \cdot 40 = 10k^2 \implies k = 2\sqrt{10} \implies AB = 14 \sqrt{10}</math>. Also, we can set <math>AQ = 5l</math> and <math>CQ = 3l</math> and once again applying Power of a Point (but this time to <math>Q</math>) we get <math>15 \cdot 35 = 15l^2 \implies l = \sqrt{35} \implies AC = 8 \sqrt{35}</math>. Hence, <math>AB \cdot AC = 112 \sqrt{350} = 112 \cdot 5 \sqrt{14} = 560 \sqrt{14}</math> and the answer is <math>560 + 14 = \boxed{574}</math>. ~rocketsri
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==

Revision as of 07:58, 9 June 2022

Problem

In acute triangle $ABC$ points $P$ and $Q$ are the feet of the perpendiculars from $C$ to $\overline{AB}$ and from $B$ to $\overline{AC}$, respectively. Line $PQ$ intersects the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ in two distinct points, $X$ and $Y$. Suppose $XP=10$, $PQ=25$, and $QY=15$. The value of $AB\cdot AC$ can be written in the form $m\sqrt n$ where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers, and $n$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $m+n$.

Diagram

[asy] size(200); defaultpen(linewidth(0.4)+fontsize(10)); pen s = linewidth(0.8)+fontsize(8); pair A,B,C,P,Q,X,Y,O; O = origin; real theta = 32; A = dir(180+theta); B = dir(-theta); C = dir(75); Q = foot(B,A,C); P = foot(C,A,B); path c = circumcircle(A,B,C); X = IP(c, Q--(2*P-Q)); Y = IP(c, P--(2*Q-P)); draw(A--B--C--A, black+0.8); draw(c^^X--Y^^B--Q^^C--P); dot("$A$", A, SW); dot("$B$", B, SE); dot("$C$", C, N); dot("$P$", P, SW); dot("$Q$", Q, W); dot("$X$", X, SE); dot("$Y$", Y, NW); label("$25$", P--Q, SW); label("$15$", Q--Y, SW); label("$10$", X--P, SW); [/asy]

Solution 1

First we have $a\cos A=PQ=25$, and $(a\cos A)(c\cos C)=(a\cos C)(c\cos A)=AP\cdot PB=10(25+15)=400$ by PoP. Similarly, $(a\cos A)(b\cos B)=15(10+25)=525,$ and dividing these each by $a\cos A$ gives $b\cos B=21,c\cos C=16$.

It is known that the sides of the orthic triangle are $a\cos A,b\cos B,c\cos C$, and its angles are $\pi-2A$,$\pi-2B$, and $\pi-2C$. We thus have the three sides of the orthic triangle now. Letting $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$, we have, in $\triangle DPQ$, \[\cos P,\cos Q=\frac{21^2+25^2-16^2}{2\cdot 21\cdot 25},\frac{16^2+25^2-21^2}{2\cdot 16\cdot 25}= \frac{27}{35}, \frac{11}{20}.\] \[\Rightarrow \cos B=\cos\left(\tfrac 12 (\pi-P)\right)=\sin\tfrac 12 P =\sqrt{\frac{4}{35}},\] similarly, we get \[\cos C=\cos\left(\tfrac 12 (\pi-Q)\right)=\sin\tfrac 12 Q=\sqrt{\frac{9}{40}}.\] To finish, \[bc= \frac{(b\cos B)(c\cos C)}{\cos B\cos C}=\frac{16\cdot 21}{(2/\sqrt{35})(3/\sqrt{40})}=560\sqrt{14}.\] The requested sum is $\boxed{574}$.

༺\\ crazyeyemoody9❂7 //༻

Solution 2

Let $BC=a$, $AC=b$, and $AB=c$. Let $\cos\angle A=k$. Then $AP=bk$ and $AQ=ck$.

By Power of a Point theorem, \begin{align} AP\cdot BP=XP\cdot YP \quad &\Longrightarrow \quad b^2k^2-bck+400=0\\ AQ\cdot CQ=YQ\cdot XQ \quad &\Longrightarrow \quad c^2k^2-bck+525=0 \end{align} Thus $bck = (bk)^2+400=(ck)^2+525 = u$. Then $bk=\sqrt{u-400}$, $ck=\sqrt{u-525}$, and \[k=\sqrt{\frac{(u-400)(u-525)}{u^2}}\] Use the Law of Cosines in $\triangle APQ$ to get $25^2=b^2k^2+c^2k^2-2bck^3 = 2bck-925-2bck^3$, which rearranges to \[775=bck - k^2\cdot bck = u-\frac{(u-400)(u-525)}{u}\]Upon simplification, this reduces to a linear equation in $u$, with solution $u=1400$. Then \[AB\cdot AC = bc = \frac 1{k}\cdot bck = \frac{u^2}{\sqrt{(u-400)(u-525)}}=560 \sqrt{14}\] So the final answer is $560 + 14 = \boxed{574}$

By SpecialBeing2017

Solution 3

Let $AP=p$, $PB=q$, $AQ=r$, and $QC=s$. By Power of a Point, \begin{align} AP\cdot PB=XP\cdot YP \quad &\Longrightarrow \quad pq=400\\ AQ\cdot QC=YQ\cdot XQ \quad &\Longrightarrow \quad rs=525 \end{align} Points $P$ and $Q$ lie on the circle, $\omega$, with diameter $BC$, and pow$(A,\omega) = AP\cdot AB = AQ\cdot AC$, so \[p(p+q)=r(r+s)\quad \Longrightarrow \quad p^2-r^2=125\] Use Law of Cosines in $\triangle APQ$ to get $25^2=p^2+r^2-2pr\cos A$; since $\cos A = \frac r{p+q}$, this simplifies as \[500 \ =\ 2r^2-\frac{2pr^2}{p+q} \ =\ 2r^2-\frac{2p^2r^2}{p^2+400} \ =\ \frac{800r^2}{r^2+525}\] We get $r=5\sqrt{35}$ and thus \[r=5\sqrt{35}, \quad p = \sqrt{r^2+125} = 10\sqrt{10}, \quad q = \frac{400}{p} =4\sqrt{10}, \quad s= \frac{525}{r} = 3\sqrt{35}.\] Therefore $AB\cdot AC = (p+q)\cdot(r+s) = 560\sqrt{14}$. So the answer is $560 + 14 = \boxed{574}$

By asr41

Solution 4 (Clean)

2019 AIME II 15.png

This solution is directly based of @CantonMathGuy's solution. We start off with a key claim.


Claim. $XB \parallel AC$ and $YC \parallel AB$.

Proof.

Let $E$ and $F$ denote the reflections of the orthocenter over points $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Since

$EF \parallel XY$ and $EF = 2 PQ = XP + PQ + QY = XY$,

we have that $E X Y F$ is a rectangle.

Then, since $\angle XYF = 90^\circ$ we obtain $\angle XBF = 90^\circ$ (which directly follows from $XBYF$ being cyclic);

hence $\angle XBQ = \angle AQB$, or $XB \parallel AQ \implies XB \parallel AC$.

Similarly, we can obtain $YC \parallel AB$.

A direct result of this claim is that $\triangle BPX \sim \triangle APQ \sim \triangle CYQ$.

Thus, we can set $AP = 5k$ and $BP = 2k$, then applying Power of a Point on $P$ we get $10 \cdot 40 = 10k^2 \implies k = 2\sqrt{10} \implies AB = 14 \sqrt{10}$. Also, we can set $AQ = 5l$ and $CQ = 3l$ and once again applying Power of a Point (but this time to $Q$) we get $15 \cdot 35 = 15l^2 \implies l = \sqrt{35} \implies AC = 8 \sqrt{35}$. Hence, $AB \cdot AC = 112 \sqrt{350} = 112 \cdot 5 \sqrt{14} = 560 \sqrt{14}$ and the answer is $560 + 14 = \boxed{574}$. ~rocketsri

See Also

2019 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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