Difference between revisions of "2021 Fall AMC 12B Problems/Problem 15"
Lopkiloinm (talk | contribs) (→Solution) |
(→Solution 3 (complex number & coordinate geometry)) |
||
(21 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Problem== | ==Problem== | ||
Three identical square sheets of paper each with side length <math>6</math> are stacked on top of each other. The middle sheet is rotated clockwise <math>30^\circ</math> about its center and the top sheet is rotated clockwise <math>60^\circ</math> about its center, resulting in the <math>24</math>-sided polygon shown in the figure below. The area of this polygon can be expressed in the form <math>a-b\sqrt{c}</math>, where <math>a</math>, <math>b</math>, and <math>c</math> are positive integers, and <math>c</math> is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is <math>a+b+c</math>? | Three identical square sheets of paper each with side length <math>6</math> are stacked on top of each other. The middle sheet is rotated clockwise <math>30^\circ</math> about its center and the top sheet is rotated clockwise <math>60^\circ</math> about its center, resulting in the <math>24</math>-sided polygon shown in the figure below. The area of this polygon can be expressed in the form <math>a-b\sqrt{c}</math>, where <math>a</math>, <math>b</math>, and <math>c</math> are positive integers, and <math>c</math> is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is <math>a+b+c</math>? | ||
− | + | <center><asy> | |
− | + | defaultpen(fontsize(8)+0.8); size(150); | |
− | + | pair O,A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2,A3,B3,C3,A4,B4,C4; | |
+ | real x=45, y=90, z=60; O=origin; | ||
+ | A1=dir(x); A2=dir(x+y); A3=dir(x+2y); A4=dir(x+3y); | ||
+ | B1=dir(x-z); B2=dir(x+y-z); B3=dir(x+2y-z); B4=dir(x+3y-z); | ||
+ | C1=dir(x-2z); C2=dir(x+y-2z); C3=dir(x+2y-2z); C4=dir(x+3y-2z); | ||
+ | draw(A1--A2--A3--A4--A1, gray+0.25+dashed); | ||
+ | filldraw(B1--B2--B3--B4--cycle, white, gray+dashed+linewidth(0.25)); | ||
+ | filldraw(C1--C2--C3--C4--cycle, white, gray+dashed+linewidth(0.25)); | ||
+ | dot(O); | ||
+ | pair P1,P2,P3,P4,Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,R1,R2,R3,R4; | ||
+ | P1=extension(A1,A2,B1,B2); Q1=extension(A1,A2,C3,C4); | ||
+ | P2=extension(A2,A3,B2,B3); Q2=extension(A2,A3,C4,C1); | ||
+ | P3=extension(A3,A4,B3,B4); Q3=extension(A3,A4,C1,C2); | ||
+ | P4=extension(A4,A1,B4,B1); Q4=extension(A4,A1,C2,C3); | ||
+ | R1=extension(C2,C3,B2,B3); R2=extension(C3,C4,B3,B4); | ||
+ | R3=extension(C4,C1,B4,B1); R4=extension(C1,C2,B1,B2); | ||
+ | draw(A1--P1--B2--R1--C3--Q1--A2); | ||
+ | draw(A2--P2--B3--R2--C4--Q2--A3); | ||
+ | draw(A3--P3--B4--R3--C1--Q3--A4); | ||
+ | draw(A4--P4--B1--R4--C2--Q4--A1); | ||
+ | </asy></center> | ||
<math>(\textbf{A})\: 75\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 93\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 96\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 129\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 147</math> | <math>(\textbf{A})\: 75\qquad(\textbf{B}) \: 93\qquad(\textbf{C}) \: 96\qquad(\textbf{D}) \: 129\qquad(\textbf{E}) \: 147</math> | ||
− | ==Solution== | + | ==Solution 1== |
<asy> | <asy> | ||
+ | defaultpen(fontsize(8)+0.8); size(100); | ||
pair A=(0,0); | pair A=(0,0); | ||
pair B=(1.732,3); | pair B=(1.732,3); | ||
pair C=(3,3); | pair C=(3,3); | ||
pair D=(3,1.732); | pair D=(3,1.732); | ||
− | draw(A--(0,3)--C--(3,0)--A, lightgray); | + | draw(A--(0,3)--C--(3,0)--A, lightgray+dashed); |
− | draw(A--B--C--D-- | + | draw(A--B--C--A); |
− | label("A",A,W); | + | draw(A--D--C, gray); |
− | label("B",B,N); | + | label("$A$",A,W); |
− | label("C",C, | + | label("$B$",B,N); |
− | label("D",D,E); | + | label("$C$",C,NE); |
− | label("E",(0,3), | + | label("$D$",D,E); |
− | label("F",(3,0),E); | + | label("$E$",(0,3),NW); |
+ | label("$F$",(3,0),E); | ||
</asy> | </asy> | ||
− | + | The <math>24</math>-sided polygon is made out of <math>24</math> shapes like <math>\triangle ABC</math>. Then <math>\angle BAC=360^\circ/24=15^\circ</math>, and <math>\angle EAC = 45^\circ</math>, so <math>\angle{EAB} = 30^{\circ}</math>. Then <math>EB=AE\tan 30^\circ = \sqrt{3}</math>; therefore <math>BC=EC-EB=3-\sqrt{3}</math>. Thus | |
+ | <cmath>[ABC] = \frac{BC}{EC}\cdot [ACE] = \frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{3}\cdot \frac 92 </cmath>and the required area is <math>24\cdot[ABC] =108-36\sqrt{3}</math>. Finally <math>108+36+3=\boxed{(\textbf{E})\ 147}</math>. | ||
+ | ~lopkiloinm | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 2 == | ||
+ | As shown in [[:Image:2021_AMC_12B_(Nov)_Problem_15,_sol.png]], all 12 vertices of three squares form a regular dodecagon (12-gon). | ||
+ | Denote by <math>O</math> the center of this dodecagon. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hence, <math>\angle AOB = \frac{360^\circ}{12} = 30^\circ</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Because the length of a side of a square is 6, <math>AO = 3 \sqrt{2}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hence, <math>AB = 2 AO \sin \frac{\angle AOB}{2} = 3 \left( \sqrt{3} - 1 \right)</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | We notice that <math>\angle MAB = \angle MBA = 30^\circ</math>. | ||
+ | Hence, <math>AM = \frac{AB}{2\cos \angle MAB} = 3 - \sqrt{3}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Therefore, the area of the region that three squares cover is | ||
+ | <cmath> | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | & {\rm Area} \ ABCDEFGHIJKL - 12 {\rm Area} \ \triangle MAB \\ | ||
+ | & = 12 {\rm Area} \ \triangle OAB - 12 {\rm Area} \ \triangle MAB \\ | ||
+ | & = 12 \cdot \frac{1}{2} OA \cdot OB \sin \angle AOB | ||
+ | - 12 \cdot \frac{1}{2} MA \cdot MB \sin \angle AMB \\ | ||
+ | & = 6 OA^2 \sin \angle AOB - 6 MA^2 \sin \angle AMB \\ | ||
+ | & = 108 - 36 \sqrt{3} . | ||
+ | \end{align*} | ||
+ | </cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Therefore, the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(E) }147}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~Steven Chen (www.professorchenedu.com) | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 3 (complex number & coordinate geometry)== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Image:2021_amc_12b_fall_P15_S3.png|thumb|center|800px]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | set A = 3+3i , A' , B' rotate 30 degree from A, B | ||
+ | |||
+ | A'= A <math> \cdot e^i30^\circ = (3+3i)*(\sqrt{3}/2 + 1/2 i) =( \sqrt{3}/2 - 1/2) + (1/2 + \sqrt{3}/2) i </math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | line A'B' <math> \frac{y-(1/2 + \sqrt{3}/2)}{x - ( \sqrt{3}/2 - 1/2)} = Tan(90\circ+30\circ) = -\sqrt{3} </math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | intersect with line y=3 at point <math>E_{x} = \sqrt{3}</math> , then length <math> AE = A_{x} - E_{x} = 3- \sqrt{3}</math> , | ||
+ | |||
+ | use shoelace or <math>\triangle OAE </math> = 1/2 * AE * AB/2 = 1/2 * <math>(3- \sqrt{3})</math> * 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | total area = 24 * <math>\triangle OAE </math> = = 108 - 36 <math>\sqrt{3}</math> the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(E) }147}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~[https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/User:Cyantist luckuso] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Video Solution (Just 4 min!)== | ||
+ | https://youtu.be/u_8EWGBErs8 | ||
+ | |||
+ | <i> ~Education, the Study of Everything </i> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Video Solution by TheBeautyofMath== | ||
+ | https://youtu.be/YD9J394zeig | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~IceMatrix | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==See Also== | ||
+ | {{AMC10 box|year=2021 Fall|ab=B|num-a=19|num-b=17}} | ||
+ | {{AMC12 box|year=2021 Fall|ab=B|num-a=16|num-b=14}} | ||
+ | {{MAA Notice}} |
Latest revision as of 14:52, 6 August 2024
Contents
Problem
Three identical square sheets of paper each with side length are stacked on top of each other. The middle sheet is rotated clockwise
about its center and the top sheet is rotated clockwise
about its center, resulting in the
-sided polygon shown in the figure below. The area of this polygon can be expressed in the form
, where
,
, and
are positive integers, and
is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is
?
![[asy] defaultpen(fontsize(8)+0.8); size(150); pair O,A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2,A3,B3,C3,A4,B4,C4; real x=45, y=90, z=60; O=origin; A1=dir(x); A2=dir(x+y); A3=dir(x+2y); A4=dir(x+3y); B1=dir(x-z); B2=dir(x+y-z); B3=dir(x+2y-z); B4=dir(x+3y-z); C1=dir(x-2z); C2=dir(x+y-2z); C3=dir(x+2y-2z); C4=dir(x+3y-2z); draw(A1--A2--A3--A4--A1, gray+0.25+dashed); filldraw(B1--B2--B3--B4--cycle, white, gray+dashed+linewidth(0.25)); filldraw(C1--C2--C3--C4--cycle, white, gray+dashed+linewidth(0.25)); dot(O); pair P1,P2,P3,P4,Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,R1,R2,R3,R4; P1=extension(A1,A2,B1,B2); Q1=extension(A1,A2,C3,C4); P2=extension(A2,A3,B2,B3); Q2=extension(A2,A3,C4,C1); P3=extension(A3,A4,B3,B4); Q3=extension(A3,A4,C1,C2); P4=extension(A4,A1,B4,B1); Q4=extension(A4,A1,C2,C3); R1=extension(C2,C3,B2,B3); R2=extension(C3,C4,B3,B4); R3=extension(C4,C1,B4,B1); R4=extension(C1,C2,B1,B2); draw(A1--P1--B2--R1--C3--Q1--A2); draw(A2--P2--B3--R2--C4--Q2--A3); draw(A3--P3--B4--R3--C1--Q3--A4); draw(A4--P4--B1--R4--C2--Q4--A1); [/asy]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/7/e/b/7eb8841b95d6e1c451addf20403c4e540f176116.png)
Solution 1
The
-sided polygon is made out of
shapes like
. Then
, and
, so
. Then
; therefore
. Thus
and the required area is
. Finally
.
~lopkiloinm
Solution 2
As shown in Image:2021_AMC_12B_(Nov)_Problem_15,_sol.png, all 12 vertices of three squares form a regular dodecagon (12-gon).
Denote by the center of this dodecagon.
Hence, .
Because the length of a side of a square is 6, .
Hence, .
We notice that .
Hence,
.
Therefore, the area of the region that three squares cover is
Therefore, the answer is .
~Steven Chen (www.professorchenedu.com)
Solution 3 (complex number & coordinate geometry)
set A = 3+3i , A' , B' rotate 30 degree from A, B
A'= A
line A'B'
intersect with line y=3 at point , then length
,
use shoelace or = 1/2 * AE * AB/2 = 1/2 *
* 3
total area = 24 * = = 108 - 36
the answer is
.
Video Solution (Just 4 min!)
~Education, the Study of Everything
Video Solution by TheBeautyofMath
~IceMatrix
See Also
2021 Fall AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 17 |
Followed by Problem 19 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
2021 Fall AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 14 |
Followed by Problem 16 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.