Difference between revisions of "1991 AIME Problems/Problem 12"

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(Solution: direct asy using minsoen's code)
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__TOC__
 
__TOC__
 
== Solution ==
 
== Solution ==
<center>[[Image:AIME_1991_Solution_12.png]]</center>
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<center><asy>defaultpen(fontsize(10)+linewidth(0.65)); pair A=(0,28.8), B=(38.4,28.8), C=(38.4,0), D=(0,0), O, P=(23.4,28.8), Q=(38.4,8.8), R=(15,0), S=(0,20); O=intersectionpoint(A--C,B--D); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle);draw(P--R..Q--S); draw(P--Q--R--S--cycle); label("A",A,NW);label("B",B,NE);label("C",C,SE);label("D",D,SW); label("P",P,N);label("Q",Q,E);label("R",R,SW);label("S",S,W); label("15",B/2+P/2,N);label("20",B/2+Q/2,E);label("O",O,SW); </asy></center>
 
=== Solution 1 ===
 
=== Solution 1 ===
 
Let <math>O</math> be the center of the rhombus. Via [[parallel]] sides and [[alternate interior angles]], we see that the opposite [[triangle]]s are [[congruent]] (<math>\triangle BPQ \cong \triangle DRS</math>, <math>\triangle APS \cong \triangle CRQ</math>). Quickly we realize that <math>O</math> is also the center of the rectangle.  
 
Let <math>O</math> be the center of the rhombus. Via [[parallel]] sides and [[alternate interior angles]], we see that the opposite [[triangle]]s are [[congruent]] (<math>\triangle BPQ \cong \triangle DRS</math>, <math>\triangle APS \cong \triangle CRQ</math>). Quickly we realize that <math>O</math> is also the center of the rectangle.  
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x = \frac{192 \pm \sqrt{192^2 - 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 1755}}{10} &=& 15, \frac{117}{5}\end{eqnarray*}</cmath>
 
x = \frac{192 \pm \sqrt{192^2 - 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 1755}}{10} &=& 15, \frac{117}{5}\end{eqnarray*}</cmath>
  
We reject <math>15</math> because then everything degenerates into [[square]]s, but the condition that <math>PR \neq QS</math> gives us a [[contradiction]]. Thus <math>x = \frac{117}{5}</math>, and backwards solving gives <math>y = \frac{44}5</math>. The perimeter of <math>ABCD</math> is <math>2\left(20 + 15 + \frac{117}{5} + \frac{44}5\right) = \frac{672}{5}</math>, and <math>m + n = \boxed{677}</math>.
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We reject <math>15</math> because then everything degenerates into squares, but the condition that <math>PR \neq QS</math> gives us a [[contradiction]]. Thus <math>x = \frac{117}{5}</math>, and backwards solving gives <math>y = \frac{44}5</math>. The perimeter of <math>ABCD</math> is <math>2\left(20 + 15 + \frac{117}{5} + \frac{44}5\right) = \frac{672}{5}</math>, and <math>m + n = \boxed{677}</math>.
  
 
=== Solution 2 ===
 
=== Solution 2 ===

Revision as of 20:44, 11 April 2008

Problem

Rhombus $PQRS^{}_{}$ is inscribed in rectangle $ABCD^{}_{}$ so that vertices $P^{}_{}$, $Q^{}_{}$, $R^{}_{}$, and $S^{}_{}$ are interior points on sides $\overline{AB}$, $\overline{BC}$, $\overline{CD}$, and $\overline{DA}$, respectively. It is given that $PB^{}_{}=15$, $BQ^{}_{}=20$, $PR^{}_{}=30$, and $QS^{}_{}=40$. Let $m/n^{}_{}$, in lowest terms, denote the perimeter of $ABCD^{}_{}$. Find $m+n^{}_{}$.

Solution

[asy]defaultpen(fontsize(10)+linewidth(0.65)); pair A=(0,28.8), B=(38.4,28.8), C=(38.4,0), D=(0,0), O, P=(23.4,28.8), Q=(38.4,8.8), R=(15,0), S=(0,20); O=intersectionpoint(A--C,B--D); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle);draw(P--R..Q--S); draw(P--Q--R--S--cycle); label("\(A\)",A,NW);label("\(B\)",B,NE);label("\(C\)",C,SE);label("\(D\)",D,SW); label("\(P\)",P,N);label("\(Q\)",Q,E);label("\(R\)",R,SW);label("\(S\)",S,W); label("\(15\)",B/2+P/2,N);label("\(20\)",B/2+Q/2,E);label("\(O\)",O,SW); [/asy]

Solution 1

Let $O$ be the center of the rhombus. Via parallel sides and alternate interior angles, we see that the opposite triangles are congruent ($\triangle BPQ \cong \triangle DRS$, $\triangle APS \cong \triangle CRQ$). Quickly we realize that $O$ is also the center of the rectangle.

By the Pythagorean Theorem, we can solve for a side of the rhombus; $PQ = \sqrt{15^2 + 20^2} = 25$. Since the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular bisectors, we have that $OP = 15, OQ = 20$. Also, $\angle POQ = 90^{\circ}$, so quadrilateral $BPOQ$ is cyclic. By Ptolemy's Theorem, $25 \cdot OB = 20 \cdot 15 + 15 \cdot 20 = 600$.

By similar logic, we have $APOS$ is a cyclic quadrilateral. Let $AP = x$, $AS = y$. The Pythagorean Theorem gives us $x^2 + y^2 = 625\quad \mathrm{(1)}$. Ptolemy’s Theorem gives us $25 \cdot OA = 20x + 15y$. Since the diagonals of a rectangle are equal, $OA = \frac{1}{2}d = OB$, and $20x + 15y = 600\quad \mathrm{(2)}$. Solving for $y$, we get $y = 40 - \frac 43x$. Substituting into $\mathrm{(1)}$,

\begin{eqnarray*}x^2 + \left(40-\frac 43x\right)^2 &=& 625\\ 5x^2 - 192x + 1755 &=& 0\\ x = \frac{192 \pm \sqrt{192^2 - 4 \cdot 5 \cdot 1755}}{10} &=& 15, \frac{117}{5}\end{eqnarray*}

We reject $15$ because then everything degenerates into squares, but the condition that $PR \neq QS$ gives us a contradiction. Thus $x = \frac{117}{5}$, and backwards solving gives $y = \frac{44}5$. The perimeter of $ABCD$ is $2\left(20 + 15 + \frac{117}{5} + \frac{44}5\right) = \frac{672}{5}$, and $m + n = \boxed{677}$.

Solution 2

From above, we have $OB = 24$ and $BD = 48$. Returning to $BPQO,$ note that $\angle PQO\cong \angle PBO \cong ABD.$ Hence, $\triangle ABD \sim \triangle OQP$ by $AA$ similarity. From here, it's clear that \[\frac {AD}{BD} = \frac {IP}{PQ}\implies \frac {AD}{48} = \frac {15}{25}\implies AD = \frac {144}{5}.\] Similarly, \[\frac {AB}{BD} = \frac {IQ}{PQ}\implies \frac {AB}{48} = \frac {20}{25}\implies AB = \frac {192}{5}.\] Therefore, the perimeter of rectangle $ABCD$ is $2(AB + AD) = 2\left(\frac {192}{5} + \frac {144}{5}\right) = \frac {672}{5}.$

Solution 3

The triangles $QOB,OBC$ are isosceles, and similar (because they have $\angle QOB = \angle OBC$).

Hence $\frac {BQ}{OB} = \frac {OB}{BC} \Rightarrow OB^2 = BC \cdot BQ$.

The length of $OB$ could be found easily from the area of $BPQ$:

\[BP \cdot PQ = \frac {OB}{2} \cdot PQ \Rightarrow OB = \frac {2BP\cdot PQ}{OB} \Rightarrow OB = 24\] \[OB^2 = BC \cdot BQ \Rightarrow 24^2 = (20 + CQ) \cdot 20 \Rightarrow CQ = \frac {44}{5}\]

From the right triangle $CRQ$ we have $RC^2 = 25^2 - \left(\frac {44}{5}\right)^2\Rightarrow RC = \frac {117}{5}$. We could have also defined a similar formula: $OB^2 = BP \cdot BA$, and then we found $AP$, the segment $OB$ is tangent to the circles with diameters $AO,CO$.

The perimeter is $2(PB + BQ + QC + CR) = 2\left(15 + 20 + \frac {44 + 117}{5}\right) = \frac {672}{5}\Rightarrow m+n=677$.

Solution 4

For convenience, let $\angle PQS = \theta$. Since the opposite triangles are congruent we have that $\angle BQR = 3\theta$, and therefore $\angle QRC = 3\theta - 90$. Let $RC = a$, then we have $\sin{(3\theta - 90)} = \frac {a}{25}$, or $- \cos{3\theta} = \frac {a}{25}$. Expanding with the formula $\cos{3\theta} = 4\cos^3{\theta} - 3\cos{\theta}$, and since we have $\cos{\theta} = \frac {4}{5}$, we can solve for $a$. The rest then follows similarily from above.

Solution 5

You can just label the points. After drawing a brief picture, you can see 4 right triangles with sides of $15,\ 20,\ 25$.

Let the points of triangle $RDS$ be $(0,0)\ (0,20)\ (15,0)$. Since each right triangle can be split into two similar triangles, point $(0,0)$ is $12$ away from the hypotenuse. By reflecting $(0,0)$ over the hypotenuse, we can get the 3rd point of the second right triangle (aka the intersection of the diagonals of the rhombus) which is $(19.2,14.4)$.

By reflecting $(15,0)$ over diagonal $\overline{SQ}$ we get $P (23.4,28.8)$. By adding $15$ to the $x$ value we get $B(38.4,28.8)$.

So the perimeter is equal to $(38.4 + 28.8)*2 = \frac {672}{5}$.

See also

1991 AIME (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 11
Followed by
Problem 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions