Difference between revisions of "2004 AIME I Problems/Problem 11"
I_like_pie (talk | contribs) |
(→Solution 2) |
||
(11 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== Problem == | == Problem == | ||
− | A solid in the shape of a right circular cone is 4 inches tall and its base has a 3-inch radius. The entire surface of the cone, including its base, is painted. A plane parallel to the base of the cone divides the cone into two solids, a smaller cone-shaped solid <math> C </math> and a frustum-shaped solid <math> F, </math> in such a way that the ratio between the | + | A [[solid]] in the shape of a right circular [[cone]] is 4 inches tall and its base has a 3-inch radius. The entire [[surface]] of the cone, including its base, is painted. A [[plane]] [[parallel]] to the base of the cone divides the cone into two solids, a smaller cone-shaped solid <math> C </math> and a [[frustum]]-shaped solid <math> F, </math> in such a way that the [[ratio]] between the [[area]]s of the painted surfaces of <math> C </math> and <math> F </math> and the ratio between the [[volume]]s of <math> C </math> and <math> F </math> are both equal to <math> k</math>. Given that <math> k=\frac m n, </math> where <math> m </math> and <math> n </math> are [[relatively prime]] [[positive integer]]s, find <math> m+n. </math> |
− | == Solution == | + | == Solution == |
− | {{ | + | ===Solution 1=== |
+ | Our original solid has volume equal to <math>V = \frac13 \pi r^2 h = \frac13 \pi 3^2\cdot 4 = 12 \pi</math> and has [[surface area]] <math>A = \pi r^2 + \pi r \ell</math>, where <math>\ell</math> is the [[slant height]] of the cone. Using the [[Pythagorean Theorem]], we get <math>\ell = 5</math> and <math>A = 24\pi</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>x</math> denote the [[radius]] of the small cone. Let <math>A_c</math> and <math>A_f</math> denote the area of the painted surface on cone <math>C</math> and frustum <math>F</math>, respectively, and let <math>V_c</math> and <math>V_f</math> denote the volume of cone <math>C</math> and frustum <math>F</math>, respectively. Because the plane cut is parallel to the base of our solid, <math>C</math> is [[similar]] to the uncut solid and so the height and slant height of cone <math>C</math> are <math>\frac{4}{3}x</math> and <math>\frac{5}{3}x</math>, respectively. Using the formula for lateral surface area of a cone, we find that <math>A_c=\frac{1}{2}c\cdot \ell=\frac{1}{2}(2\pi x)\left(\frac{5}{3}x\right)=\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2</math>. By subtracting <math>A_c</math> from the surface area of the original solid, we find that <math>A_f=24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Next, we can calculate <math>V_c=\frac{1}{3}\pi r^2h=\frac{1}{3}\pi x^2 \left(\frac{4}{3}x\right)=\frac{4}{9}\pi x^3</math>. Finally, we subtract <math>V_c</math> from the volume of the original cone to find that <math>V_f=12\pi - \frac{4}{9}\pi x^3</math>. We know that <math>\frac{A_c}{A_f}=\frac{V_c}{V_f}=k.</math> Plugging in our values for <math>A_c</math>, <math>A_f</math>, <math>V_c</math>, and <math>V_f</math>, we obtain the equation <math>\frac{\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}{24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}=\frac{\frac{4}{9}\pi x^3}{12\pi - \frac{4}{9}\pi x^3}</math>. We can take [[reciprocal]]s of both sides to simplify this [[equation]] to <math>\frac{72}{5x^2} - 1 = \frac{27}{x^3} - 1</math> and so <math>x = \frac{15}{8}</math>. Then <math>k = \frac{\frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}{24\pi - \frac{5}{3}\pi x^2}= \frac{125}{387} = \frac mn</math> so the answer is <math>m+n=125+387=\boxed{512}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Solution 2=== | ||
+ | Our original solid <math>V</math> has [[surface area]] <math>A_v = \pi r^2 + \pi r \ell</math>, where <math>\ell</math> is the [[slant height]] of the cone. Using the [[Pythagorean Theorem]] or Pythagorean Triple knowledge, we obtain <math>\ell = 5</math> and lateral area <math>A_\ell = 15\pi</math>. The area of the base is <math>A_B = 3^2\pi = 9\pi</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>V</math> and <math>C</math> are similar cones, because the plane that cut out <math>C</math> was parallel to the base of <math>V</math>. Let <math>x</math> be the scale factor between the original cone and the small cone <math>C</math> in one dimension. Because the scale factor is uniform in all dimensions, <math>x^2</math> relates corresponding areas of <math>C</math> and <math>V</math>, and <math>x^3</math> relates corresponding volumes. Then, the ratio of the painted areas <math>\frac{A_c}{A_f}</math> is <math>\frac{15\pi x^2}{9\pi + 15\pi - 15\pi x^2} = \frac{5 x^2}{8 - 5 x^2} = k</math> and the ratio of the volumes <math>\frac{V_c}{V_f}</math> is <math>\frac{x^3}{1 - x^3} = k</math>. Since both ratios are equal to <math>k</math>, they are equal to each other. Therefore, <math>\frac{5 x^2}{8 - 5 x^2} = \frac{x^3}{1 - x^3}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now we must merely solve for x and substitute back into either ratio. Cross multiplying gives <math>5 x^2(1 - x^3) = x^3(8 - 5 x^2)</math>. Dividing both sides by <math>x^2</math> and distributing the <math>x</math> on the right, we have <math>5 - 5 x^3 = 8 x - 5 x^3</math>, and so <math>8 x = 5</math> and <math>x = \frac{5}{8}</math>. Substituting back into the easier ratio, we have <math>\frac{(\frac{5}{8})^3}{1 - (\frac{5}{8})^3} = \frac{\frac{125}{512}}{\frac{387}{512}} = \frac{125}{387}</math>. And so we have <math>m + n = 125 + 387 = \boxed{512}</math>. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
− | + | {{AIME box|year=2004|n=I|num-b=10|num-a=12}} | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | [[Category:Intermediate Geometry Problems]] | |
+ | {{MAA Notice}} |
Latest revision as of 22:12, 16 December 2015
Problem
A solid in the shape of a right circular cone is 4 inches tall and its base has a 3-inch radius. The entire surface of the cone, including its base, is painted. A plane parallel to the base of the cone divides the cone into two solids, a smaller cone-shaped solid and a frustum-shaped solid
in such a way that the ratio between the areas of the painted surfaces of
and
and the ratio between the volumes of
and
are both equal to
. Given that
where
and
are relatively prime positive integers, find
Solution
Solution 1
Our original solid has volume equal to and has surface area
, where
is the slant height of the cone. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, we get
and
.
Let denote the radius of the small cone. Let
and
denote the area of the painted surface on cone
and frustum
, respectively, and let
and
denote the volume of cone
and frustum
, respectively. Because the plane cut is parallel to the base of our solid,
is similar to the uncut solid and so the height and slant height of cone
are
and
, respectively. Using the formula for lateral surface area of a cone, we find that
. By subtracting
from the surface area of the original solid, we find that
.
Next, we can calculate . Finally, we subtract
from the volume of the original cone to find that
. We know that
Plugging in our values for
,
,
, and
, we obtain the equation
. We can take reciprocals of both sides to simplify this equation to
and so
. Then
so the answer is
.
Solution 2
Our original solid has surface area
, where
is the slant height of the cone. Using the Pythagorean Theorem or Pythagorean Triple knowledge, we obtain
and lateral area
. The area of the base is
.
and
are similar cones, because the plane that cut out
was parallel to the base of
. Let
be the scale factor between the original cone and the small cone
in one dimension. Because the scale factor is uniform in all dimensions,
relates corresponding areas of
and
, and
relates corresponding volumes. Then, the ratio of the painted areas
is
and the ratio of the volumes
is
. Since both ratios are equal to
, they are equal to each other. Therefore,
.
Now we must merely solve for x and substitute back into either ratio. Cross multiplying gives . Dividing both sides by
and distributing the
on the right, we have
, and so
and
. Substituting back into the easier ratio, we have
. And so we have
.
See also
2004 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 10 |
Followed by Problem 12 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.