Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2006 AIME I Problems/Problem 14"

(→‎Solution 3)
(→‎Solution 3)
Line 76: Line 76:
 
Apply [[Pythagorean Theorem]] on <math>\bigtriangleup TMB</math> yields
 
Apply [[Pythagorean Theorem]] on <math>\bigtriangleup TMB</math> yields
 
<cmath>TM=\sqrt{TB^2-BM^2}=\sqrt{5^2-(\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2})^2}=\frac{\sqrt{73}}{2}</cmath>
 
<cmath>TM=\sqrt{TB^2-BM^2}=\sqrt{5^2-(\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2})^2}=\frac{\sqrt{73}}{2}</cmath>
−
Apply [[Law of Cosines]] on <math>\Bigtriangleup TBC</math> we have
+
Apply [[Law of Cosines]] on <math>\bigtriangleup TBC</math> we have
 
<cmath>BC^2=TB^2+TC^2-2(TB)(TC)\cos BTC</cmath>
 
<cmath>BC^2=TB^2+TC^2-2(TB)(TC)\cos BTC</cmath>
 
<cmath>(3\sqrt{3})^2=5^2+5^2-2(5)^2\cos BTC</cmath>
 
<cmath>(3\sqrt{3})^2=5^2+5^2-2(5)^2\cos BTC</cmath>
 
<cmath>\cos BTC=\frac{23}{50}</cmath>
 
<cmath>\cos BTC=\frac{23}{50}</cmath>
−
Apply Law of Cosines on <math>\Bigtriangleup STB</math> using the fact that <math>\angle STB=\angle BTC</math> we have
+
Apply Law of Cosines on <math>\bigtriangleup STB</math> using the fact that <math>\angle STB=\angle BTC</math> we have
 
<cmath>SB^2=ST^2+BT^2-2(ST)(BT)\cos STB</cmath>
 
<cmath>SB^2=ST^2+BT^2-2(ST)(BT)\cos STB</cmath>
 
<cmath>SB=\sqrt{4^2+5^2-2(4)(5)\cos BTC=\frac{\sqrt{565}}{5}</cmath>
 
<cmath>SB=\sqrt{4^2+5^2-2(4)(5)\cos BTC=\frac{\sqrt{565}}{5}</cmath>

Revision as of 20:28, 31 March 2020

Problem

A tripod has three legs each of length $5$ feet. When the tripod is set up, the angle between any pair of legs is equal to the angle between any other pair, and the top of the tripod is $4$ feet from the ground. In setting up the tripod, the lower 1 foot of one leg breaks off. Let $h$ be the height in feet of the top of the tripod from the ground when the broken tripod is set up. Then $h$ can be written in the form $\frac m{\sqrt{n}},$ where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers and $n$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $\lfloor m+\sqrt{n}\rfloor.$ (The notation $\lfloor x\rfloor$ denotes the greatest integer that is less than or equal to $x.$)

Solution 1

[asy] size(200); import three; pointpen=black;pathpen=black+linewidth(0.65);pen ddash = dashed+linewidth(0.65); currentprojection = perspective(1,-10,3.3); triple O=(0,0,0),T=(0,0,5),C=(0,3,0),A=(-3*3^.5/2,-3/2,0),B=(3*3^.5/2,-3/2,0); triple M=(B+C)/2,S=(4*A+T)/5; draw(T--S--B--T--C--B--S--C);draw(B--A--C--A--S,ddash);draw(T--O--M,ddash); label("$T$",T,N);label("$A$",A,SW);label("$B$",B,SE);label("$C$",C,NE);label("$S$",S,NW);label("$O$",O,SW);label("$M$",M,NE); label("$4$",(S+T)/2,NW);label("$1$",(S+A)/2,NW);label("$5$",(B+T)/2,NE);label("$4$",(O+T)/2,W); dot(S);dot(O); [/asy]

We will use $[...]$ to denote volume (four letters), area (three letters) or length (two letters).

Let $T$ be the top of the tripod, $A,B,C$ are end points of three legs. Let $S$ be the point on $TA$ such that $[TS] = 4$ and $[SA] = 1$. Let $O$ be the center of the base equilateral triangle $ABC$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of segment $BC$. Let $h$ be the distance from $T$ to the triangle $SBC$ ($h$ is what we want to find).

We have the volume ratio $\frac {[TSBC]}{[TABC]} = \frac {[TS]}{[TA]} = \frac {4}{5}$.

So $\frac {h\cdot [SBC]}{[TO]\cdot [ABC]} = \frac {4}{5}$.

We also have the area ratio $\frac {[SBC]}{[ABC]} = \frac {[SM]}{[AM]}$.

The triangle $TOA$ is a $3-4-5$ right triangle so $[AM] = \frac {3}{2}\cdot[AO] = \frac {9}{2}$ and $\cos{\angle{TAO}} = \frac {3}{5}$.

Applying Law of Cosines to the triangle $SAM$ with $[SA] = 1$, $[AM] = \frac {9}{2}$ and $\cos{\angle{SAM}} = \frac {3}{5}$, we find:

$[SM] = \frac {\sqrt {5\cdot317}}{10}.$

Putting it all together, we find $h = \frac {144}{\sqrt {5\cdot317}}$.

$\lfloor 144+\sqrt{5 \cdot 317}\rfloor =144+ \lfloor \sqrt{5 \cdot 317}\rfloor =144+\lfloor \sqrt{1585} \rfloor =144+39=\boxed{183}$.

Solution 2

We note that $AO=3$. From this we can derive that the side length of the equilateral is $3\sqrt{3}$. We now use 3D coordinate geometry. \[A = (0,0,0)\] \[B = (3\sqrt{3},0,0)\] \[C = (\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}, \frac{9}{2}, 0)\] \[T = (\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, 4)\] \[S= (\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{10}, \frac{3}{10}, \frac{4}{5})\] We know three points of plane $SCB$ hence we can write out the equation for the plane. Plane $SCB$ can be expressed as \[4\sqrt{3}x+4y+39z-36=0.\]

Applying the distance between a point and a plane formula.

\[\frac{ax+by+cz+d}{\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}}} = \frac{4\sqrt{3} \cdot \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2} + 4\cdot \frac{3}{2} + 39 \cdot 4 -36}{\sqrt{(4\sqrt{3})^2+4^2+39^2}} = \frac{144}{\sqrt{1585}}\]

\[\lfloor m+\sqrt{n}\rfloor = \lfloor 144+\sqrt{1585}\rfloor = 183\]

Solution by SimonSun


Solution 3

Diagram borrowed from Solution 1

[asy] size(200); import three; pointpen=black;pathpen=black+linewidth(0.65);pen ddash = dashed+linewidth(0.65); currentprojection = perspective(1,-10,3.3); triple O=(0,0,0),T=(0,0,5),C=(0,3,0),A=(-3*3^.5/2,-3/2,0),B=(3*3^.5/2,-3/2,0); triple M=(B+C)/2,S=(4*A+T)/5; draw(T--S--B--T--C--B--S--C);draw(B--A--C--A--S,ddash);draw(T--O--M,ddash); label("$T$",T,N);label("$A$",A,SW);label("$B$",B,SE);label("$C$",C,NE);label("$S$",S,NW);label("$O$",O,SW);label("$M$",M,NE); label("$4$",(S+T)/2,NW);label("$1$",(S+A)/2,NW);label("$5$",(B+T)/2,NE);label("$4$",(O+T)/2,W); dot(S);dot(O); [/asy]

Apply Pythagorean Theorem on $\bigtriangleup TOB$ yields \[BO=\sqrt{TB^2-TO^2}=3\] Since $\bigtriangleup ABC$ is equilateral, we have $\angle MOB=60^{\circ}$ and \[BC=2BM=2(OB\sin MOB)=3\sqrt{3}\] Apply Pythagorean Theorem on $\bigtriangleup TMB$ yields \[TM=\sqrt{TB^2-BM^2}=\sqrt{5^2-(\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2})^2}=\frac{\sqrt{73}}{2}\] Apply Law of Cosines on $\bigtriangleup TBC$ we have \[BC^2=TB^2+TC^2-2(TB)(TC)\cos BTC\] \[(3\sqrt{3})^2=5^2+5^2-2(5)^2\cos BTC\] \[\cos BTC=\frac{23}{50}\] Apply Law of Cosines on $\bigtriangleup STB$ using the fact that $\angle STB=\angle BTC$ we have \[SB^2=ST^2+BT^2-2(ST)(BT)\cos STB\] 

\[SB=\sqrt{4^2+5^2-2(4)(5)\cos BTC=\frac{\sqrt{565}}{5}\] (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg)

See also

2006 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 13 		Followed by
Problem 15
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2006_AIME_I_Problems/Problem_14&oldid=120360"