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Difference between revisions of "2021 AIME II Problems/Problem 7"

(→‎Solution 4 (No Casework: Two Variables, Two Equations))
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\end{align*}</cmath>
 
\end{align*}</cmath>
 
Substituting <math>(5)</math> and <math>(6)</math> into <math>(3)</math> and simplifying, we rewrite the left side of <math>(3)</math> in terms of <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> only:
 
Substituting <math>(5)</math> and <math>(6)</math> into <math>(3)</math> and simplifying, we rewrite the left side of <math>(3)</math> in terms of <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> only:
 +
<cmath>\begin{align*}
 +
ab\left[\frac{ab+4}{3}\right] + b\left[\frac{ab+4}{3}\right]\left[\frac{90}{ab(ab+4)}\right] + \left[\frac{ab+4}{3}\right]\left[\frac{90}{ab(ab+4)}\right]a + \left[\frac{90}{ab(ab+4)}\right]ab &= 14
 +
\end{align*}</cmath>
  
 
<b>SOLUTION IN PROGRESS. NO EDIT PLEASE--A MILLION THANKS!</b>
 
<b>SOLUTION IN PROGRESS. NO EDIT PLEASE--A MILLION THANKS!</b>

Revision as of 01:21, 28 March 2021

Problem

Let $a, b, c,$ and $d$ be real numbers that satisfy the system of equations \begin{align*} a + b &= -3, \\ ab + bc + ca &= -4, \\ abc + bcd + cda + dab &= 14, \\ abcd &= 30. \end{align*} There exist relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$ such that \[a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 = \frac{m}{n}.\]Find $m + n$.

Solution 1

From the fourth equation we get $d=\frac{30}{abc}.$ substitute this into the third equation and you get $abc + \frac{30(ab + bc + ca)}{abc} = abc - \frac{120}{abc} = 14$. Hence $(abc)^2 - 14(abc)-120 = 0$. Solving we get $abc = -6$ or $abc = 20$. From the first and second equation we get $ab + bc + ca = ab-3c = -4 \Longrightarrow ab = 3c-4$, if $abc=-6$, substituting we get $c(3c-4)=-6$. If you try solving this you see that this does not have real solutions in $c$, so $abc$ must be $20$. So $d=\frac{3}{2}$. Since $c(3c-4)=20$, $c=-2$ or $c=\frac{10}{3}$. If $c=\frac{10}{3}$, then the system $a+b=-3$ and $ab = 6$ does not give you real solutions. So $c=-2$. Since you already know $d=\frac{3}{2}$ and $c=-2$, so you can solve for $a$ and $b$ pretty easily and see that $a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}+d^{2}=\frac{141}{4}$. So the answer is $\boxed{145}$.

~ math31415926535

Solution 2 (Easy Algebra)

We can factor $d$ out of the last two equations. Therefore, it becomes $abc + d(bc + ac + ab) = 14$. Notice this is just $abc -4d$, since $bc + ac + ab = -4$. We now have $abc -4d = 14$ and $abcd = 30$. We then find $d$ in terms of $abc$, so $abc = \frac{30}{d}-4d=14$. We solve for $d$ and find that it is either $\dfrac32$ or $-5$. We can now try for these two values, and plug the rest into the equation. Thus, we have $33 + \dfrac94 = \dfrac{33 \cdot 4 + 9}{4} = \dfrac{132+9}{4} = \dfrac{141}{4}$. We have $141 + 4 = \boxed{145}$ and we're done.

~Arcticturn

Solution 3 (Easy Algebra)

$ab + bc + ca = -4$ can be rewritten as $ab + c(a+b) = -4$. Hence, $ab = 3c - 4$

Rewriting $abc+bcd+cda+dab = 14$, we get $ab(c+d) + cd(a+b) = 14$. Substitute $ab = 3c - 4$ and solving, we get, $3c^{2} - 4c - 4d - 14 = 0$ call this Equation 1

$abcd = 30$ gives $(3c-4)cd = 30$. So, $3c^{2}d - 4cd = 30$, which implies $d(3c^{2} - 4c) = 30$ or $3c^{2} - 4c = \frac{30}{d}$ call this equation 2.

Substituting Eq 2 in Eq 1 gives, $\frac{30}{d} - 4d - 14 = 0$

Solving this quadratic yields that $d \in {-5, \frac{3}{2}}$

Now we just try these 2 cases.


For $d = \frac{3}{2}$ substituting in Equation 1 gives a quadratic in $c$ which has roots $c \in \frac{10}{3}, -2$

Again trying cases, by letting $c = -2$, we get $ab = 3c-4$, Hence $ab = -10$ We know that $a + b = -3$, Solving these we get $a = -5, b = 2$ or $a= 2, b = -5$ (doesn't matter due to symmetry in a,b)

So, this case yields solutions $(a,b,c,d) = (-5, 2 , -2, \frac{3}{2})$

Similarly trying other three cases, we get no more solutions, Hence this is the solution for $(a,b,c,d)$

Finally, $a^{2} + b^{2} + c^{2} + d^{2} = 25 + 4 + 4 + \frac{9}{4} = \frac{141}{4} = \frac{m}{n}$

So, $m + n = 141 + 4 = \boxed{145}$

- Arnav Nigam

Solution 4 (No Casework: Two Variables, Two Equations)

Number the given equations $(1),(2),(3),$ and $(4),$ in this order. Rearranging $(2)$ and solving for $c,$ we have \begin{align*} ab+(a+b)c&=-4 \\ ab-3c&=-4 \\ c&=\frac{ab+4}{3}. \hspace{14mm} (5) \end{align*} Substituting $(5)$ into $(4)$ and solving for $d,$ we get \begin{align*} ab\left(\frac{ab+4}{3}\right)d&=30 \\ d&=\frac{90}{ab(ab+4)}. \hspace{5mm} (6) \end{align*} Substituting $(5)$ and $(6)$ into $(3)$ and simplifying, we rewrite the left side of $(3)$ in terms of $a$ and $b$ only: \begin{align*} ab\left[\frac{ab+4}{3}\right] + b\left[\frac{ab+4}{3}\right]\left[\frac{90}{ab(ab+4)}\right] + \left[\frac{ab+4}{3}\right]\left[\frac{90}{ab(ab+4)}\right]a + \left[\frac{90}{ab(ab+4)}\right]ab &= 14 \end{align*}

SOLUTION IN PROGRESS. NO EDIT PLEASE--A MILLION THANKS!

~MRENTHUSIASM

See also

2021 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 6 		Followed by
Problem 8
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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