Difference between revisions of "2020 AIME I Problems/Problem 13"

m (Solution 2)
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Points are defined as shown. It is pretty easy to show that <math>\triangle AFE \sim \triangle AGH</math> by spiral similarity at <math>A</math> by some short angle chasing. Now, note that <math>AD</math> is the altitude of <math>\triangle AFE</math>, as the altitude of <math>AGH</math>. We need to compare these altitudes in order to compare their areas. Note that Stewart's theorem implies that <math>AD/2 = \frac{\sqrt{18}}{2}</math>, the altitude of <math>\triangle AFE</math>. Similarly, the altitude of <math>\triangle AGH</math> is the altitude of <math>\triangle ABC</math>, or <math>\frac{12}{\sqrt{7}}</math>. However, it's not too hard to see that <math>GB = HC = 1</math>, and therefore <math>[AGH] = [ABC]</math>. From here, we get that the area of <math>\triangle ABC</math> is <math>\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{14} \implies \boxed{036}</math>, by similarity. ~awang11
 
Points are defined as shown. It is pretty easy to show that <math>\triangle AFE \sim \triangle AGH</math> by spiral similarity at <math>A</math> by some short angle chasing. Now, note that <math>AD</math> is the altitude of <math>\triangle AFE</math>, as the altitude of <math>AGH</math>. We need to compare these altitudes in order to compare their areas. Note that Stewart's theorem implies that <math>AD/2 = \frac{\sqrt{18}}{2}</math>, the altitude of <math>\triangle AFE</math>. Similarly, the altitude of <math>\triangle AGH</math> is the altitude of <math>\triangle ABC</math>, or <math>\frac{12}{\sqrt{7}}</math>. However, it's not too hard to see that <math>GB = HC = 1</math>, and therefore <math>[AGH] = [ABC]</math>. From here, we get that the area of <math>\triangle ABC</math> is <math>\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{14} \implies \boxed{036}</math>, by similarity. ~awang11
  
==Solution 2==
+
==Solution 2(coord bash + basic geometry)==
 
Let <math>\overline{BC}</math> lie on the x-axis and <math>B</math> be the origin. <math>C</math> is <math>(5,0)</math>. Use Heron's formula to compute the area of triangle <math>ABC</math>. We have <math>s=\frac{15}{2}</math>. and <math>[ABC]=\sqrt{\frac{15 \cdot 7 \cdot 5 \cdot 3}{2^4}}=\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{4}</math>. We now find the altitude, which is <math>\frac{\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{2}}{5}=\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{2}</math>, which is the y-coordinate of <math>A</math>. We now find the x-coordinate of <math>A</math>, which satisfies <math>x^2 + (\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{2})^{2}=16</math>, which gives <math>x=\frac{1}{2}</math> since the triangle is acute. Now using the Angle Bisector Theorem, we have <math>\frac{4}{6}=\frac{BD}{CD}</math> and <math>BD+CD=5</math> to get <math>BD=2</math>. The coordinates of D are <math>(2,0)</math>.
 
Let <math>\overline{BC}</math> lie on the x-axis and <math>B</math> be the origin. <math>C</math> is <math>(5,0)</math>. Use Heron's formula to compute the area of triangle <math>ABC</math>. We have <math>s=\frac{15}{2}</math>. and <math>[ABC]=\sqrt{\frac{15 \cdot 7 \cdot 5 \cdot 3}{2^4}}=\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{4}</math>. We now find the altitude, which is <math>\frac{\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{2}}{5}=\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{2}</math>, which is the y-coordinate of <math>A</math>. We now find the x-coordinate of <math>A</math>, which satisfies <math>x^2 + (\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{2})^{2}=16</math>, which gives <math>x=\frac{1}{2}</math> since the triangle is acute. Now using the Angle Bisector Theorem, we have <math>\frac{4}{6}=\frac{BD}{CD}</math> and <math>BD+CD=5</math> to get <math>BD=2</math>. The coordinates of D are <math>(2,0)</math>.
 
Since we want the area of triangle <math>AEF</math>, we will find equations for perpendicular bisector of AD, and the other two angle bisectors. The perpendicular bisector is not too challenging: the midpoint of AD is <math>(\frac{5}{4}, \frac{3\sqrt{7}}{4})</math> and the slope of AD is <math>-\sqrt{7}</math>. The slope of the perpendicular bisector is <math>\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}</math>. The equation is(in point slope form) <math>y-\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{4}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}(x-\frac{5}{4})</math>.
 
Since we want the area of triangle <math>AEF</math>, we will find equations for perpendicular bisector of AD, and the other two angle bisectors. The perpendicular bisector is not too challenging: the midpoint of AD is <math>(\frac{5}{4}, \frac{3\sqrt{7}}{4})</math> and the slope of AD is <math>-\sqrt{7}</math>. The slope of the perpendicular bisector is <math>\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}</math>. The equation is(in point slope form) <math>y-\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{4}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}(x-\frac{5}{4})</math>.

Revision as of 19:56, 14 March 2020

Problem

Point $D$ lies on side $\overline{BC}$ of $\triangle ABC$ so that $\overline{AD}$ bisects $\angle BAC.$ The perpendicular bisector of $\overline{AD}$ intersects the bisectors of $\angle ABC$ and $\angle ACB$ in points $E$ and $F,$ respectively. Given that $AB=4,BC=5,$ and $CA=6,$ the area of $\triangle AEF$ can be written as $\tfrac{m\sqrt{n}}p,$ where $m$ and $p$ are relatively prime positive integers, and $n$ is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $m+n+p.$


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Solution 1

Points are defined as shown. It is pretty easy to show that $\triangle AFE \sim \triangle AGH$ by spiral similarity at $A$ by some short angle chasing. Now, note that $AD$ is the altitude of $\triangle AFE$, as the altitude of $AGH$. We need to compare these altitudes in order to compare their areas. Note that Stewart's theorem implies that $AD/2 = \frac{\sqrt{18}}{2}$, the altitude of $\triangle AFE$. Similarly, the altitude of $\triangle AGH$ is the altitude of $\triangle ABC$, or $\frac{12}{\sqrt{7}}$. However, it's not too hard to see that $GB = HC = 1$, and therefore $[AGH] = [ABC]$. From here, we get that the area of $\triangle ABC$ is $\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{14} \implies \boxed{036}$, by similarity. ~awang11

Solution 2(coord bash + basic geometry)

Let $\overline{BC}$ lie on the x-axis and $B$ be the origin. $C$ is $(5,0)$. Use Heron's formula to compute the area of triangle $ABC$. We have $s=\frac{15}{2}$. and $[ABC]=\sqrt{\frac{15 \cdot 7 \cdot 5 \cdot 3}{2^4}}=\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{4}$. We now find the altitude, which is $\frac{\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{2}}{5}=\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{2}$, which is the y-coordinate of $A$. We now find the x-coordinate of $A$, which satisfies $x^2 + (\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{2})^{2}=16$, which gives $x=\frac{1}{2}$ since the triangle is acute. Now using the Angle Bisector Theorem, we have $\frac{4}{6}=\frac{BD}{CD}$ and $BD+CD=5$ to get $BD=2$. The coordinates of D are $(2,0)$. Since we want the area of triangle $AEF$, we will find equations for perpendicular bisector of AD, and the other two angle bisectors. The perpendicular bisector is not too challenging: the midpoint of AD is $(\frac{5}{4}, \frac{3\sqrt{7}}{4})$ and the slope of AD is $-\sqrt{7}$. The slope of the perpendicular bisector is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}$. The equation is(in point slope form) $y-\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{4}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}(x-\frac{5}{4})$. The slope of AB, or in trig words, the tangent of $\angle ABC$ is $3\sqrt{7}$. Finding $\sin{\angle ABC}=\frac{\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{2}}{4}=\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{8}$ and $\cos{\angle ABC}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{4}=\frac{1}{8}$. Plugging this in to half angle tangent, it gives $\frac{\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{8}}{1+\frac{1}{8}}=\frac{\sqrt{7}}{3}$ as the slope of the angle bisector, since it passes through $B$, the equation is $y=\frac{\sqrt{7}}{3}x$. Similarly, the equation for the angle bisector of $C$ will be $y=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}(x-5)$. For $E$ use the B-angle bisector and the perpendicular bisector of AD equations to intersect at $(3,\sqrt{7})$. For $F$ use the C-angle bisector and the perpendicular bisector of AD equations to intersect at $(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{9}{2\sqrt{7}})$. The area of AEF is equal to $\frac{EF \cdot \frac{AD}{2}}{2}$ since AD is the altitude of that triangle with EF as the base, with $\frac{AD}{2}$ being the height. $EF=\frac{5\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{7}}$ and $AD=3\sqrt{2}$, so $[AEF]=\frac{15}{2\sqrt{7}}=\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{14}$ which gives $\boxed{036}$. NEVER overlook coordinate bash in combination with beginner synthetic techniques.~vvluo

Solution 3 (Coordinate Bash + Trig)

[asy]         size(8cm); defaultpen(fontsize(10pt));          pair A,B,C,I,D,M,T,Y,Z,EE,F;         A=(0,3sqrt(7));         B=(-1,0);         C=(9,0);         I=incenter(A,B,C);         D=extension(A,I,B,C);         M=(A+D)/2;          draw(B--EE,gray+dashed);         draw(C--F,gray+dashed);         draw(A--B--C--A);         draw(A--D);         draw(B--(5,sqrt(28)));         draw(M--(5,sqrt(28)));         draw(C--(0,9sqrt(7)/7));         draw(M--(0,9sqrt(7)/7));         dot("$A$",A,NW);         dot("$B$",B,SW);         dot("$C$",C,SE);         dot("$D$",D,S);         dot("$E$",(5,sqrt(28)),N);          dot("$M$",M,dir(70));         dot("$F$",(0,9sqrt(7)/7),N);          label("$2$",B--D,S);         label("$3$",D--C,S);         label("$6$",A--C,N);         label("$4$",A--B,W);     [/asy]

Let $B=(0,0)$ and $BC$ be the line $y=0$. We compute that $\cos{\angle{ABC}}=\frac{1}{8}$, so $\tan{\angle{ABC}}=3\sqrt{7}$. Thus, $A$ lies on the line $y=3x\sqrt{7}$. The length of $AB$ at a point $x$ is $8x$, so $x=\frac{1}{2}$.

We now have the coordinates $A=\left(\frac{1}{2},\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{2}\right)$, $B=(0,0)$ and $C=(5,0)$. We also have $D=(2,0)$ by the angle-bisector theorem and $M=\left(\frac{5}{4},\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{4}\right)$ by taking the midpoint. We have that because $\cos{\angle{ABC}}=\frac{1}{8}$, $\cos{\frac{\angle{ABC}}{2}}=\frac{3}{4}$ by half angle formula.

We also compute $\cos{\angle{ACB}}=\frac{3}{4}$, so $\cos{\frac{\angle{ACB}}{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{14}}{4}$.

Now, $AD$ has slope $-\frac{\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{2}}{2-\frac{1}{2}}=-\sqrt{7}$, so it's perpendicular bisector has slope $\frac{\sqrt{7}}{7}$ and goes through $\left(\frac{5}{4},\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{4}\right)$.

We find that this line has equation $y=\frac{\sqrt{7}}{7}x+\frac{4\sqrt{7}}{7}$.

As $\cos{\angle{CBI}}=\frac{3}{4}$, we have that line $BI$ has form $y=\frac{\sqrt{7}}{3}x$. Solving for the intersection point of these two lines, we get $x=3$ and thus $E=\left(3, \sqrt{7}\right)$

We also have that because $\cos{\angle{ICB}}=\frac{\sqrt{14}}{4}$, $CI$ has form $y=-\frac{x\sqrt{7}}{7}+\frac{5\sqrt{7}}{7}$.

Intersecting the line $CI$ and the perpendicular bisector of $AD$ yields $-\frac{x\sqrt{7}}{7}+\frac{5\sqrt{7}}{7}=\frac{x\sqrt{7}}{7}+\frac{4\sqrt{7}}{7}$.

Solving this, we get $x=\frac{1}{2}$ and so $F=\left(\frac{1}{2},\frac{9\sqrt{7}}{14}\right)$.

We now compute $EF=\sqrt{\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{5\sqrt{7}}{14}\right)^2}=\frac{5\sqrt{14}}{7}$. We also have $MA=\sqrt{\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{4}\right)^2}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}$.

As ${MA}\perp{EF}$, we have $[\triangle{AEF}]=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\times\frac{5\sqrt{14}}{7}\right)=\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{14}$.


The desired answer is $15+7+14=\boxed{036}$ ~Imayormaynotknowcalculus

Solution 4 (Barycentric Coordinates)

[asy]         size(8cm); defaultpen(fontsize(10pt));          pair A,B,C,I,D,M,T,Y,Z,EE,F;         A=(0,3sqrt(7));         B=(-1,0);         C=(9,0);         I=incenter(A,B,C);         D=extension(A,I,B,C);         M=(A+D)/2;          draw(B--EE,gray+dashed);         draw(C--F,gray+dashed);         draw(A--B--C--A);         draw(A--D);         draw(B--(5,sqrt(28)));         draw(M--(5,sqrt(28)));         draw(C--(0,9sqrt(7)/7));         draw(M--(0,9sqrt(7)/7));         dot("$A$",A,NW);         dot("$B$",B,SW);         dot("$C$",C,SE);         dot("$D$",D,S);         dot("$E$",(5,sqrt(28)),N);          dot("$M$",M,dir(70));         dot("$F$",(0,9sqrt(7)/7),N);          label("$2$",B--D,S);         label("$3$",D--C,S);         label("$6$",A--C,N);         label("$4$",A--B,W);     [/asy]

As usual, we will use homogenized barycentric coordinates.

We have that $AD$ will have form $3z=2y$. Similarly, $CF$ has form $5y=6x$ and $BE$ has form $5z=4x$. Since $A=(1,0,0)$ and $D=\left(0,\frac{3}{5},\frac{2}{5}\right)$, we also have $M=\left(\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{10},\frac{1}{5}\right)$. It remains to determine the equation of the line formed by the perpendicular bisector of $AD$.

This can be found using EFFT. Let a point $T$ on $EF$ have coordinates $(x, y, z)$. We then have that the displacement vector $\overrightarrow{AD}=\left(-1, \frac{3}{5}, \frac{2}{5}\right)$ and that the displacement vector $\overrightarrow{TM}$ has form $\left(x-\frac{1}{2},y-\frac{3}{10},z-\frac{1}{5}\right)$. Now, by EFFT, we have $5^2\left(\frac{3}{5}\times\left(z-\frac{1}{5}\right)+\frac{2}{5}\times\left(y-\frac{3}{10}\right)\right)+6^2\left(-1\times\left(z-\frac{1}{5}\right)+\frac{2}{5}\times\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)+4^2\left(-1\times\left(y-\frac{3}{10}\right)+\frac{3}{5}\times\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)=0$. This equates to $8x-2y-7z=2$.

Now, intersecting this with $BE$, we have $5z=4x$, $8x-2y-7z=2$, and $x+y+z=1$. This yields $x=\frac{2}{3}$, $y=-\frac{1}{5}$, and $z=\frac{8}{15}$, or $E=\left(\frac{2}{3},-\frac{1}{5},\frac{8}{15}\right)$.

Similarly, intersecting this with $CF$, we have $5y=6x$, $8x-2y-7z=2$, and $x+y+z=1$. Solving this, we obtain $x=\frac{3}{7}$, $y=\frac{18}{35}$, and $z=\frac{2}{35}$, or $F=\left(\frac{3}{7},\frac{18}{35},\frac{2}{35}\right)$.

We finish by invoking the Barycentric Distance Formula twice; our first displacement vector being $\overrightarrow{FE}=\left(\frac{5}{21},-\frac{5}{7},\frac{10}{21}\right)$. We then have $FE^2=-25\left(-\frac{5}{7}\cdot\frac{10}{21}\right)-36\left(\frac{5}{21}\cdot\frac{10}{21}\right)-16\left(\frac{5}{21}\cdot-\frac{5}{7}\right)=\frac{50}{7}$, thus $FE=\frac{5\sqrt{14}}{7}$.

Our second displacement vector is $\overrightarrow{AM}=\left(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{10},\frac{1}{5}\right)$. As a result, $AM^2=-25\left(\frac{3}{10}\cdot\frac{1}{5}\right)-36\left(-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{5}\right)-16\left(-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{10}\right)=\frac{9}{2}$, so $AM=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}$.

As ${AM}\perp{EF}$, the desired area is $\frac{\frac{5\sqrt{14}}{7}\times\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}}{2}={\frac{15\sqrt{7}}{14}}\implies{m+n+p=\boxed{036}}$. ~Imayormaynotknowcalculus


Remark: The area of $\triangle{AEF}$ can also be computed using the Barycentric Area Formula, although it may increase the risk of computational errors; there are also many different ways to proceed once the coordinates are determined.

See Also

2020 AIME I (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 12
Followed by
Problem 14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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