Difference between revisions of "2021 AIME II Problems/Problem 2"
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==Problem== | ==Problem== | ||
Equilateral triangle <math>ABC</math> has side length <math>840</math>. Point <math>D</math> lies on the same side of line <math>BC</math> as <math>A</math> such that <math>\overline{BD} \perp \overline{BC}</math>. The line <math>\ell</math> through <math>D</math> parallel to line <math>BC</math> intersects sides <math>\overline{AB}</math> and <math>\overline{AC}</math> at points <math>E</math> and <math>F</math>, respectively. Point <math>G</math> lies on <math>\ell</math> such that <math>F</math> is between <math>E</math> and <math>G</math>, <math>\triangle AFG</math> is isosceles, and the ratio of the area of <math>\triangle AFG</math> to the area of <math>\triangle BED</math> is <math>8:9</math>. Find <math>AF</math>. | Equilateral triangle <math>ABC</math> has side length <math>840</math>. Point <math>D</math> lies on the same side of line <math>BC</math> as <math>A</math> such that <math>\overline{BD} \perp \overline{BC}</math>. The line <math>\ell</math> through <math>D</math> parallel to line <math>BC</math> intersects sides <math>\overline{AB}</math> and <math>\overline{AC}</math> at points <math>E</math> and <math>F</math>, respectively. Point <math>G</math> lies on <math>\ell</math> such that <math>F</math> is between <math>E</math> and <math>G</math>, <math>\triangle AFG</math> is isosceles, and the ratio of the area of <math>\triangle AFG</math> to the area of <math>\triangle BED</math> is <math>8:9</math>. Find <math>AF</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | pair A,B,C,D,E,F,G; | ||
+ | B=origin; | ||
+ | A=5*dir(60); | ||
+ | C=(5,0); | ||
+ | E=0.6*A+0.4*B; | ||
+ | F=0.6*A+0.4*C; | ||
+ | G=rotate(240,F)*A; | ||
+ | D=extension(E,F,B,dir(90)); | ||
+ | draw(D--G--A,grey); | ||
+ | draw(B--0.5*A+rotate(60,B)*A*0.5,grey); | ||
+ | draw(A--B--C--cycle,linewidth(1.5)); | ||
+ | dot(A^^B^^C^^D^^E^^F^^G); | ||
+ | label("$A$",A,dir(90)); | ||
+ | label("$B$",B,dir(225)); | ||
+ | label("$C$",C,dir(-45)); | ||
+ | label("$D$",D,dir(180)); | ||
+ | label("$E$",E,dir(-45)); | ||
+ | label("$F$",F,dir(225)); | ||
+ | label("$G$",G,dir(0)); | ||
+ | label("$\ell$",midpoint(E--F),dir(90)); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
==Diagram== | ==Diagram== |
Revision as of 20:20, 3 February 2023
Contents
[hide]Problem
Equilateral triangle has side length . Point lies on the same side of line as such that . The line through parallel to line intersects sides and at points and , respectively. Point lies on such that is between and , is isosceles, and the ratio of the area of to the area of is . Find .
Diagram
Solution 1 (Area Formulas for Triangles)
By angle chasing, we conclude that is a triangle, and is a triangle.
Let It follows that and By the side-length ratios in we have and
Let the brackets denote areas. We have and
We set up and solve an equation for Since it is clear that Therefore, we take the positive square root for both sides:
~MRENTHUSIASM
Solution 2
We express the areas of and in terms of in order to solve for
We let Because is isosceles and is equilateral,
Let the height of be and the height of be Then we have that and
Now we can find and in terms of Because we are given that This allows us to use the sin formula for triangle area: the area of is Similarly, because the area of is
Now we can make an equation: To make further calculations easier, we scale everything down by (while keeping the same variable names, so keep that in mind). Thus Because we scaled down everything by the actual value of is
~JimY
Solution 3 (Pretty Straightforward)
So, If is isosceles, it means that .
Let
So,
In , , Hence (because )
Therefore,
So,
Now, as we know that the ratio of the areas of and is
Substituting the values, we get
Hence, . Solving this, we easily get
We have taken , Hence,
-Arnav Nigam
Solution 4 (Similar Triangles)
Since is isosceles, , and since is equilateral, . Thus, , and since these triangles share an altitude, they must have the same area.
Drop perpendiculars from and to line ; call the meeting points and , respectively. is clearly congruent to both and , and thus each of these new triangles has the same area as . But we can "slide" over to make it adjacent to , thus creating an equilateral triangle whose area has a ratio of when compared to (based on our conclusion from the first paragraph). Since these triangles are both equilateral, they are similar, and since the area ratio reduces to , the ratio of their sides must be . So, because and represent sides of these triangles, and they add to , must equal two-fifths of , or .
Video Solution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ol-Nl-t9X04
Video Solution by Interstigation (Similar Triangles)
~Interstigation
See Also
2021 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 1 |
Followed by Problem 3 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.