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Difference between revisions of "2013 AIME II Problems/Problem 4"

(→‎Solution 2)
(→‎Solution 3)
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==Solution 3==
 
==Solution 3==
  
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Rather than considering the Cartesian plane, we use complex numbers. Thus A is 1 and B is <math>2 + 2\sqrt{3}i</math>.  
+
We can also consider the slopes of the lines. Midpoint <math>M</math> of <math>AB</math> has coordinates <math>\left(\frac{3}{2},\ \sqrt{3}\right)</math>. Because line <math>AB</math> has slope <math>2\sqrt{3}</math>, the slope of line <math>MP</math> is <math>-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}</math>.  
  
−
Recall that a rotation of <math>\theta</math> radians counterclockwise is equivalent to multiplying a complex number by <math>e^{i\theta}</math>, but here we require a clockwise rotation, so we multiply by <math>e^{-\frac{i\pi}{3}}</math> to obtain C. Upon averaging the coordinates of A, B, and C, we obtain the coordinates of P, viz. <math>\left(\frac{5}{2}, \frac{5\sqrt{3}}{6}\right)</math>.
+
Since <math>\Delta ABC</math> is equilateral, and since point <math>P</math> is the centroid, we can quickly calculate that <math>MP = \frac{\sqrt{39}}{6}</math>. Then, define <math>\Delta x</math> and <math>\Delta y</math> to be the differences between points <math>M</math> and <math>P</math>. Because of the slope, it is clear that <math>\Delta x = 2\sqrt{3} \Delta y</math>.
  
−
Therefore <math>xy</math> is <math>\frac{25\sqrt{3}}{12}</math> and the answer is <math>25 + 12 + 3 = \boxed{040}</math>.
+
We can then use the Pythagorean Theorem on line segment <math>MP</math>: <math>MP^2 = \Delta x^2 + \Delta y^2</math> yields <math>\Delta y = -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}</math> and <math>\Delta x = 1</math>, after substituting <math>\Delta x</math>. The coordinates of P are thus <math>\left(\frac{5}{2},\ \frac{5\sqrt{3}}{6}\right)</math>. Multiplying these together gives us <math>\frac{25\sqrt{3}}{12}</math>, giving us <math>040</math> as our answer.
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
 
{{AIME box|year=2013|n=II|num-b=3|num-a=5}}
 
{{AIME box|year=2013|n=II|num-b=3|num-a=5}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}

Revision as of 11:26, 2 March 2014

Problem 4

In the Cartesian plane let $A = (1,0)$ and $B = \left( 2, 2\sqrt{3} \right)$. Equilateral triangle $ABC$ is constructed so that $C$ lies in the first quadrant. Let $P=(x,y)$ be the center of $\triangle ABC$. Then $x \cdot y$ can be written as $\tfrac{p\sqrt{q}}{r}$, where $p$ and $r$ are relatively prime positive integers and $q$ is an integer that is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $p+q+r$.

Solution 1

The distance from point $A$ to point $B$ is $\sqrt{13}$. The vector that starts at point A and ends at point B is given by $B - A = (1, 2\sqrt{3})$. Since the center of an equilateral triangle, $P$, is also the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the triangle, we need first find the equation for the perpendicular bisector to $\overline{AB}$. The line perpendicular to $\overline{AB}$ through the midpoint, $M = (\dfrac{3}{2},\sqrt{3})$, $\overline{AB}$ can be parameterized by $(\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{13}}, \dfrac{-1}{\sqrt{13}}) t + (\dfrac{3}{2},\sqrt{3})$. At this point, it is useful to note that $\Delta BMP$ is a 30-60-90 triangle with $\overline{MB}$ measuring $\dfrac{\sqrt{13}}{2}$. This yields the length of $\overline{MP}$ to be $\dfrac{\sqrt{13}}{2\sqrt{3}}$. Therefore, $P =( \dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{13}},\dfrac{-1}{\sqrt{13}})(\dfrac{\sqrt{13}}{2\sqrt{3}}) + (\dfrac{3}{2},\sqrt{3}) = (\dfrac{5}{2}, \dfrac{5}{2\sqrt{3}})$. Therefore $xy = \dfrac{25\sqrt{3}}{12}$ yielding an answer of $p + q + r = 25 + 3 + 12 = \boxed{040}$.


Solution 2

Rather than considering the Cartesian plane, we use complex numbers. Thus A is 1 and B is $2 + 2\sqrt{3}i$.

Recall that a rotation of $\theta$ radians counterclockwise is equivalent to multiplying a complex number by $e^{i\theta}$, but here we require a clockwise rotation, so we multiply by $e^{-\frac{i\pi}{3}}$ to obtain C. Upon averaging the coordinates of A, B, and C, we obtain the coordinates of P, viz. $\left(\frac{5}{2}, \frac{5\sqrt{3}}{6}\right)$.

Therefore $xy$ is $\frac{25\sqrt{3}}{12}$ and the answer is $25 + 12 + 3 = \boxed{040}$.

Solution 3

We can also consider the slopes of the lines. Midpoint $M$ of $AB$ has coordinates $\left(\frac{3}{2},\ \sqrt{3}\right)$. Because line $AB$ has slope $2\sqrt{3}$, the slope of line $MP$ is $-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}$.

Since $\Delta ABC$ is equilateral, and since point $P$ is the centroid, we can quickly calculate that $MP = \frac{\sqrt{39}}{6}$. Then, define $\Delta x$ and $\Delta y$ to be the differences between points $M$ and $P$. Because of the slope, it is clear that $\Delta x = 2\sqrt{3} \Delta y$.

We can then use the Pythagorean Theorem on line segment $MP$: $MP^2 = \Delta x^2 + \Delta y^2$ yields $\Delta y = -\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}$ and $\Delta x = 1$, after substituting $\Delta x$. The coordinates of P are thus $\left(\frac{5}{2},\ \frac{5\sqrt{3}}{6}\right)$. Multiplying these together gives us $\frac{25\sqrt{3}}{12}$, giving us $040$ as our answer.

See Also

2013 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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Problem 3 		Followed by
Problem 5
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All AIME Problems and Solutions

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